Citation: Xiao-Li Feng, Dandan Yu, Mi Zhang, Xiaohong Li, Qing-Cui Zou, Wentai Ma, Jian-Bao Han, Ling Xu, Cuixian Yang, Wang Qu, Zhong-Hua Deng, Junyi Long, Yanghaopeng Long, Mingkun Li, Yong-Gang Yao, Xing-Qi Dong, Jianxiong Zeng, Ming-Hua Li. Characteristics of replication and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta isolates .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 37(6) : 804-812.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2022.09.007

Characteristics of replication and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta isolates

  • The continuously arising of SARS-CoV-2 variants has been posting a great threat to public health safety globally, from B.1.17 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.617.2 (Delta) to B.1.1.529 (Omicron). The emerging or reemerging of the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is calling for the constant monitoring of their epidemics, pathogenicity and immune escape. In this study, we aimed to characterize replication and pathogenicity of the Alpha and Delta variant strains isolated from patients infected in Laos. The amino acid mutations within the spike fragment of the isolates were determined via sequencing. The more efficient replication of the Alpha and Delta isolates was documented than the prototyped SARS-CoV-2 in Calu-3 and Caco-2 cells, while such features were not observed in Huh-7, Vero E6 and HPA-3 cells. We utilized both animal models of human ACE2 (hACE2) transgenic mice and hamsters to evaluate the pathogenesis of the isolates. The Alpha and Delta can replicate well in multiple organs and cause moderate to severe lung pathology in these animals. In conclusion, the spike protein of the isolated Alpha and Delta variant strains was characterized, and the replication and pathogenicity of the strains in the cells and animal models were also evaluated.

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    Characteristics of replication and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta isolates

      Corresponding author: Xing-Qi Dong, dongxq8001@126.com
      Corresponding author: Jianxiong Zeng, zengjianxiong@mail.kiz.ac.cn
      Corresponding author: Ming-Hua Li, limh@mail.kiz.ac.cn
    • a Kunming National High-level Biosafety Research Center for Non-Human Primates, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China;
    • b Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China;
    • c Department of Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kunming, 650301, China;
    • d Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China;
    • e Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China;
    • f National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China;
    • g Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China;
    • h Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Information, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China;
    • i University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Abstract: The continuously arising of SARS-CoV-2 variants has been posting a great threat to public health safety globally, from B.1.17 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.617.2 (Delta) to B.1.1.529 (Omicron). The emerging or reemerging of the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is calling for the constant monitoring of their epidemics, pathogenicity and immune escape. In this study, we aimed to characterize replication and pathogenicity of the Alpha and Delta variant strains isolated from patients infected in Laos. The amino acid mutations within the spike fragment of the isolates were determined via sequencing. The more efficient replication of the Alpha and Delta isolates was documented than the prototyped SARS-CoV-2 in Calu-3 and Caco-2 cells, while such features were not observed in Huh-7, Vero E6 and HPA-3 cells. We utilized both animal models of human ACE2 (hACE2) transgenic mice and hamsters to evaluate the pathogenesis of the isolates. The Alpha and Delta can replicate well in multiple organs and cause moderate to severe lung pathology in these animals. In conclusion, the spike protein of the isolated Alpha and Delta variant strains was characterized, and the replication and pathogenicity of the strains in the cells and animal models were also evaluated.

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