Infection and pathogenesis of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 in <i>Rhesus macaque</i>

Ge Gao; Xue Hu; Yiwu Zhou; Juhong Rao; Xiaoyu Zhang; Yun Peng; Jiaxuan Zhao; Yanfeng Yao; Kunpeng Liu; Mengying Liang; Hang Liu; Fei Deng; Han Xia; Chao Shan; Zhiming Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.virs.2022.02.001

April 2022

Ge Gao, Xue Hu, Yiwu Zhou, Juhong Rao, Xiaoyu Zhang, Yun Peng, Jiaxuan Zhao, Yanfeng Yao, Kunpeng Liu, Mengying Liang, Hang Liu, Fei Deng, Han Xia, Chao Shan and Zhiming Yuan. Infection and pathogenesis of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Rhesus macaque[J]. Virologica Sinica, 2022, 37(2): 299-302. doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.02.001

Citation: Ge Gao, Xue Hu, Yiwu Zhou, Juhong Rao, Xiaoyu Zhang, Yun Peng, Jiaxuan Zhao, Yanfeng Yao, Kunpeng Liu, Mengying Liang, Hang Liu, Fei Deng, Han Xia, Chao Shan, Zhiming Yuan. Infection and pathogenesis of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Rhesus macaque .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 37(2) : 299-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2022.02.001

新冠病毒Delta变异株感染恒河猴及其病理变化研究

高歌 ^a ,
胡雪 ^b ,
周亦武 ^c ,
饶具红 ^b,d ,
彭云 ^b,d ,
刘鲲鹏 ^a ,
姚艳丰 ^b,d ,
张小宇 ^a ,
赵家玄 ^b,d ,
梁梦莹 ^d,e ,
刘航 ^a ,
邓菲 ^b,d ,
夏菡 ^d,e,, ,
单超 ^b,d,, ,
袁志明 ^a,d,e,,

a 中国科学院武汉病毒研究所生物安全大科学中心
b 中国科学院武汉病毒研究所病毒学国家重点实验室
c 华中科技大学同济医学院法医系
d 中科院大学
e 中国科学院高致病性病原生物学与生物安全重点实验室

通讯作者： 夏菡, hanxia@wh.iov.cn; 单超, shanchao@wh.iov.cn; 袁志明, yzm@wh.iov.cn
收稿日期： 2021-12-03
录用日期： 2022-01-24

摘要

新冠病毒Delta变异株（B.1.167.2）已成为全球主要的新冠流行株，并被世界卫生组织列为被关注的变异株。本研究利用恒河猴模型，评估了Delta变异株对恒河猴的感染性和致病性，并与2019年底从武汉病人中分离获得的新冠分离株感染恒河猴的情况进行了比较分析。研究结果表明Delta变异株与2019年底武汉分离株的排毒模式、RNA载量和疾病严重程度没有显著性差异；但即使用比2019年底武汉分离株更低的感染剂量，Delta变异株能达到病毒复制峰值所需的时间更短，这一结果为Delta变异株在人群中快速传播的现象提供了数据支持。
- 新冠病毒
- , Delta变异株
- , 快速传播
- , 恒河猴

Infection and pathogenesis of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Rhesus macaque

Ge Gao ^a ,
Xue Hu ^b ,
Yiwu Zhou ^c ,
Juhong Rao ^b,d ,
Xiaoyu Zhang ^b,d ,
Yun Peng ^a ,
Jiaxuan Zhao ^b,d ,
Yanfeng Yao ^a ,
Kunpeng Liu ^b,d ,
Mengying Liang ^d,e ,
Hang Liu ^a ,
Fei Deng ^b,d ,
Han Xia ^d,e,, ,
Chao Shan ^b,d,, ,
Zhiming Yuan ^a,d,e,,

a Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
b State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
c Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
d University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
e Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China

Corresponding author: Han Xia, hanxia@wh.iov.cn Chao Shan, shanchao@wh.iov.cn Zhiming Yuan, yzm@wh.iov.cn
Received Date: 03 December 2021
Accepted Date: 24 January 2022

Abstract

Highlights
1. Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 can effectively infect the Rhesus macaque.
2. The Delta variant grows faster than the early strain isolated from Wuhan in late 2019.
3. The shedding pattern, viral load and disease severity of Delta variant are similar with the early strain isolated from Wuhan in late 2019.
4. This study supports the attributed rapid disease spread of the Delta variant.

References
1. Abdullah, F., Myers, J., Basu, D., Tintinger, G., Ueckermann, V., Mathebula, M., Ramlall, R., Spoor, S., de Villiers, T., van der Walt, Z., Cloete, J., Soma-Pillay, P., Rheeder, P., Paruk, F., Engelbrecht, A., Lalloo, V., Myburg, M., Kistan, J., van Hougenhouck-Tulleken, W., Boswell, M.T., Gray, G., Welch, R., Blumberg, L., Jassat, W., 2022. Decreased severity of disease during the first global omicron variant covid-19 outbreak in a large hospital in tshwane, South Africa. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 116, 38–42.
2. Bian, L., Gao, Q., Gao, F., Wang, Q., He, Q., Wu, X., Mao, Q., Xu, M., Liang, Z., 2021. Impact of the Delta variant on vaccine efficacy and response strategies. Expert. Rev. Vaccine 20, 1201–1209.
3. Callaway, E., 2021. Delta coronavirus variant: scientists brace for impact. Nature 595, 17–18.
4. Chandrashekar, A., Liu, J., Martinot, A.J., McMahan, K., Mercado, N.B., Peter, L., Tostanoski, L.H., Yu, J., Maliga, Z., Nekorchuk, M., Busman-Sahay, K., Terry, M., Wrijil, L.M., Ducat, S., Martinez, D.R., Atyeo, C., Fischinger, S., Burke, J.S., Slein, M.D., Pessaint, L., van Ry, A., Greenhouse, J., Taylor, T., Blade, K., Cook, A., Finneyfrock, B., Brown, R., Teow, E., Velasco, J., Zahn, R., Wegmann, F., Abbink, P., Bondzie, E.A., Dagotto, G., Gebre, M.S., He, X., Jacob-Dolan, C., Kordana, N., Li, Z., Lifton, M.A., Mahrokhian, S.H., Maxfield, L.F., Nityanandam, R., Nkolola, J.P., Schmidt, A.G., Miller, A.D., Baric, R.S., Alter, G., Sorger, P.K., Estes, J.D., Andersen, H., Lewis, M.G., Barouch, D.H., 2020. SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques. Science 369, 812–817.
5. Chandrashekar, A., Liu, J., Yu, J., McMahan, K., Tostanoski, L.H., Jacob-Dolan, C., Mercado, N.B., Anioke, T., Chang, A., Gardner, S., Giffin, V.M., Hope, D.L., Nampanya, F., Patel, S., Sanborn, O., Sellers, D., Wan, H., Martinot, A.J., Baczenas, J.J., O’Connor, S.L., Pessaint, L., Valentin, D., Espina, B., Wattay, L., Ferrari, M.G., Brown, R., Cook, A., Bueno-Wilkerson, D., Teow, E., Andersen, H., Lewis, M.G., Barouch, D.H., 2021. Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 partially protects rhesus macaques against re-infection with B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants. Sci. Transl. Med. 13, eabj2641.
6. Deng, W., Bao, L., Liu, Jiangning, Xiao, C., Liu, Jiayi, Xue, J., Lv, Q., Qi, F., Gao, H., Yu, P., Xu, Y., Qu, Y., Li, F., Xiang, Z., Yu, H., Gong, S., Liu, M., Wang, G., Wang, S., Song, Z., Liu, Y., Zhao, W., Han, Y., Zhao, L., Liu, X., Wei, Q., Qin, C., 2020. Primary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protects against reinfection in rhesus macaques. Science 369, 818–823.
7. Diamond, M., Halfmann, P., Maemura, T., Iwatsuki-Horimoto, K., Iida, S., Kiso, M., Scheaffer, S., Darling, T., Joshi, A., Loeber, S., Foster, S., Ying, B., Whitener, B., Floyd, K., Ujie, M., Nakajima, N., Ito, M., Wright, R., Uraki, R., Li, R., Sakai, Y., Liu, Y., Larson, D., Osorio, J., Hernandez-Ortiz, J., ÄŒiuoderis, K., Florek, K., Patel, M., Bateman, A., Odle, A., Wong, L.-Y., Wang, Z., Edara, V.V., Chong, Z., Thackray, L., Ueki, H., Yamayoshi, S., Imai, M., Perlman, S., Webby, R., Seder, R., Suthar, M., Garcia-Sastre, A., Schotsaert, M., Suzuki, T., Boon, A., Kawaoka, Y., Douek, D., Moliva, J., Sullivan, N., Gagne, M., Ransier, A., Case, J., Jeevan, T., Franks, J., Fabrizio, T., DeBeauchamp, J., Kercher, L., Seiler, P., Singh, G., Warang, P., Gonzalez-Reiche, A.S., Sordillo, E., van Bakel, H., Simon, V., 2021. The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Omicron virus causes attenuated infection and disease in mice and hamsters. Research square.
8. Feng, L., Wang, Q., Shan, C., Yang, C., Feng, Y., Wu, J., Liu, Xiaolin, Zhou, Y., Jiang, R., Hu, P., Liu, Xinglong, Zhang, F., Li, P., Niu, X., Liu, Y., Zheng, X., Luo, J., Sun, J.,Gu, Y., Liu, B., Xu, Y., Li, C., Pan, W., Zhao, J., Ke, C., Chen, X., Xu, T., Zhong, N., Guan, S., Yuan, Z., Chen, L., 2020. An adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine confers protection from SARS-COV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques. Nat. Commun. 11, 4207.
9. Mercado, N.B., Zahn, R., Wegmann, F., Loos, C., Chandrashekar, A., Yu, J., Liu, J., Peter, L., McMahan, K., Tostanoski, L.H., He, X., Martinez, D.R., Rutten, L., Bos, R., van Manen, D., Vellinga, J., Custers, J., Langedijk, J.P., Kwaks, T., Bakkers, M.J.G., Zuijdgeest, D., Rosendahl Huber, S.K., Atyeo, C., Fischinger, S., Burke, J.S., Feldman, J., Hauser, B.M., Caradonna, T.M., Bondzie, E.A., Dagotto, G., Gebre, M.S., Hoffman, E., Jacob-Dolan, C., Kirilova, M., Li, Z., Lin, Z., Mahrokhian, S.H., Maxfield, L.F., Nampanya, F., Nityanandam, R., Nkolola, J.P., Patel, S., Ventura, J.D., Verrington, K., Wan, H., Pessaint, L., van Ry, A., Blade, K., Strasbaugh, A., Cabus, M., Brown, R., Cook, A., Zouantchangadou, S., Teow, E., Andersen, H., Lewis, M.G., Cai, Y., Chen, B., Schmidt, A.G., Reeves, R.K., Baric, R.S., Lauffenburger, D.A., Alter, G., Stoffels, P., Mammen, M., van Hoof, J., Schuitemaker, H., Barouch, D.H., 2020. Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques. Nature 586, 583–588.
10. Planas, D., Veyer, D., Baidaliuk, A., Staropoli, I., Guivel-Benhassine, F., Rajah, M.M., Planchais, C., Porrot, F., Robillard, N., Puech, J., Prot, M., Gallais, F., Gantner, P., Velay, A., le Guen, J., Kassis-Chikhani, N., Edriss, D., Belec, L., Seve, A., Courtellemont, L., Péré, H., Hocqueloux, L., Fafi-Kremer, S., Prazuck, T., Mouquet, H., Bruel, T., Simon-Lorière, E., Rey, F.A., Schwartz, O., 2021. Reduced sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta to antibody neutralization. Nature 596, 276–280.
11. Shan, C., Yao, Y.F., Yang, X. lou, Zhou, Y.W., Gao, G., Peng, Y., Yang, L., Hu, X., Xiong, J., Jiang, R. di, Zhang, H.J., Gao, X.X., Peng, C., Min, J., Chen, Y., Si, H.R., Wu, J., Zhou, P., Wang, Y.Y., Wei, H.P., Pang, W., Hu, Z.F., Lv, L.B., Zheng, Y.T., Shi, Z.L., Yuan, Z.M., 2020. Infection with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes pneumonia in Rhesus macaques. Cell Res. 30, 670–677.
12. Shi, Q., Dong, X.P., 2021. Rapid global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) variant: spatiotemporal variation and public Health impact. Zoonoses 1.
13. WHO, 2021. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Access date: 2021/12/20.
14. WHO, 2021. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Access date: 2021/12/20.
Proportional views
Electronic Supplementary Material

10.1016j.virs.2022.02.001-ESM.docx