为了解慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染与原发性肝癌的关系，本文采用回顾性研究方法对328例原发性肝癌病人与同期收治的340例非肝癌的其他消化道肿瘤病人的乙型肝炎病毒感染血清标志物（HBV M）及肝功能检测结果进行对比分析。结果显示肝癌组乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性率（63.11%）显著高于非肝癌组（消化道其他肿瘤对照组）（11.47%）。肝癌组慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染“HBsAg、抗-HBe和抗-HBc三者均表达为阳性者”（37.2%）显著高于“HBsAg、HBeAg和抗-HBc三者均表达为阳性者”（6.4%）。肝功能检测结果，“HBsAg、HBeAg和抗-HBc三者均表达为阳性组”与“HBsAg、HBeAg和抗-HBc三者均表达为阳性组”比较无显著性差异（P0.05），而肝癌组与非肝癌组比较，肝癌组肝损害显著高于非肝癌组（P0.01）。表明慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染在原发性肝癌病因学中起着十分重要的作用，“HBsAg、抗-HBe和抗-HBc三者均表达为阳性者”是原发性肝癌的高危人群。

To understand the relationship between the chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), we adopted the method of retrospection and carried out analysis by comparing the markers of Hepatitis B virus (HBV M) and the result of liver function testing of the 328 cases of PHC and 340 patients with the enteron tumor not suffered from PHC, all of whom were treated in Wuhan general hospital of Guangzhou command of PLA from Jan, 2000 to July, 2003. The results showed that the positive rate of HBsAg in patients with PHC (63.11%) was significantly higher than that in control group with non-PHC (other enteron tumors) (11.47%). In the cases of PHC, the positive rate of the combination of HBsAg, HBeAb and HBcAb was presented 37.2%, which was significantly higher than that of the combination of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAb. According to the results of liver function, there was no significant difference between the group which were the combination of HBsAg(+), HBeAb(+), HBcAb(+) and the group which were the combination of HBsAg(+), HBeAg(+) and HBcAb(+) (P0.05). Hepatic injury in cases of PHC was significantly higher than that in control group of non-PHC (P0.01). So the chronic hepatitis B virus infection plays extremely important role in PHC’s etiology. The human group who were positive with HBsAg, HBeAb and HBcAb is the PHC’s high-risk group.