Serving the Society Since 1986
Focused Topic "Oncogenic Viruses and Cancer"
Editor(s): Guangxiang (George) Luo, MD/MPH, Professor University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Peking University Health Science Center, China
Viruses are leading causes of different types of human cancers, accounting for about 20% of total cases. Seven viruses are currently considered oncogenic viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), human herpes virus 8 (HHP8), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The molecular mechanisms of viral oncogenesis are complex and may involve the induction of chronic inflammation, disruption of host genetic and epigenetic integrity and homeostasis, interference with cellular DNA repair mechanisms resulting in genome instability and cell cycle dysregulation. Genetic and epigenetic alterations induced by infection and replication of oncogenic viruses may lead to the appearance and proliferation of cancer stem cells, which are important for the initiation, progression, metastasis, relapse, and chemotherapy resistance of cancers. The cover illustrates the seven oncoviruses that could lead to human cancer.
  • EV71 感染与儿童口咽粘膜液中病毒IgG相关

    薛京昌, 李么明, 徐晓怡, 俞杰, 闫虎, 鄢慧民

    2015, 30(2): 146 doi: 10.1007/s12250-014-3555-2

    收稿日期: 2014-12-14 录用日期: 2015-03-10 出版日期: 2015-03-20
    [HTML全文] [PDF 740 KB] Springerlink
    Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection causes severe central nervous system damage, particularly for children under the age of 5 years old, which remains a major public health burden worldwide. Clinical data released that children may be repeatedly infected by different members in enterovirus and get even worsen. Mucosa, especially epithelium of alimentary canal, was considered the primary site of EV71 infection. It has been elusive whether the preexsiting viral antibody in mucosa plays a role in EV71 infection. To answer this question, we respectively measured viral antibody response and EV71 RNA copy number of one hundred throat swab specimens from clinically confirmed EV71-infected children. The results released that low-level of mucosal IgG antibody against EV71 broadly existed in young population. More importantly, it further elucidated that the children with mucosal preexsiting EV71 IgG were prone to be infected, which suggested a former viral IgG mediated enhancement of viral infection in vivo.
  • Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

    Denis Avey, Brittany Brewers, Fanxiu Zhu

    2015, 30(2): 130 doi: 10.1007/s12250-015-3595-2

    收稿日期: 2015-04-10 录用日期: 2015-04-16 出版日期: 2015-04-23
    [HTML全文] [PDF 1254 KB] Springerlink
    It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi’s sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV- 8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.
  • Polyomavirus interaction with the DNA damage response

    Joshua L. Justice, Brandy Verhalen, Mengxi Jiang

    2015, 30(2): 122 doi: 10.1007/s12250-015-3583-6

    收稿日期: 2015-03-16 录用日期: 2015-04-15 出版日期: 2015-04-20
    [HTML全文] [PDF 788 KB] Springerlink
    Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that subvert cellular metabolism and pathways to mediate their own replication—normally at the expense of the host cell. Polyomaviruses are a group of small DNA viruses, which have long been studied as a model for eukaryotic DNA replication. Polyomaviruses manipulate host replication proteins, as well as proteins involved in DNA maintenance and repair, to serve as essential cofactors for productive infection. Moreover, evidence suggests that polyomavirus infection poses a unique genotoxic threat to the host cell. In response to any source of DNA damage, cells must initiate an effective DNA damage response (DDR) to maintain genomic integrity, wherein two protein kinases, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR), are major regulators of DNA damage recognition and repair. Recent investigation suggests that these essential DDR proteins are required for productive polyomavirus infection. This review will focus on polyomaviruses and their interaction with ATMand ATR-mediated DNA damage responses and the effect of this interaction on host genomic stability.
  • The role of Epstein-Barr virus infection in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

    Chi Man Tsang, Sai Wah Tsao

    2015, 30(2): 107 doi: 10.1007/s12250-015-3592-5

    收稿日期: 2015-04-02 录用日期: 2015-04-16 出版日期: 2015-04-21
    [HTML全文] [PDF 961 KB] Springerlink
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. EBV episomes are detected in almost all NPC cells. The role of EBV in NPC pathogenesis has long been postulated but remains enigmatic. In contrast to infection of B lymphocytes, EBV infection does not directly transform nasopharyngeal epithelial cells into proliferative clones with malignant potential. EBV infection of normal pharyngeal epithelial cells is predominantly lytic in nature. Genetic alterations in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelium, in combination with inflammatory stimulation in the nasopharyngeal mucosa, presumably play essential roles in the establishment of a latent EBV infection in infected nasopharyngeal epithelial cells during the early development of NPC. Establishment of latent EBV infection in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells and expression of latent viral genes, including the BART transcripts and BART-encoded microRNAs, are crucial features of NPC. Expression of EBV genes may drive further malignant transformation of premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells into cancer cells. The difficulties involved in the establishment of NPC cell lines and the progressive loss of EBV epsiomes in NPC cells propagated in culture strongly implicate the contribution of host stromal components to the growth of NPC cells in vivo and maintenance of EBV in infected NPC cells. Defining the growth advantages of EBV-infected NPC cells in vivo will lead to a better understanding of the contribution of EBV infection in NPC pathogenesis, and may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for NPC treatment.
  • Recent advances in the study of HPV-associated carcinogenesis

    Liyan Jin, Zhi-Xiang Xu

    2015, 30(2): 101 doi: 10.1007/s12250-015-3586-3

    收稿日期: 2015-03-21 录用日期: 2015-04-16 出版日期: 2015-04-20
    [HTML全文] [PDF 628 KB] Springerlink
    Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause virtually all cervical cancers, the second leading cause of death by cancer among women, as well as other anogenital cancers and a subset of head and neck cancers. Approximately half of women, who develop cervical cancer die from it. Despite the optimism that has accompanied the introduction of prophylactic vaccines to prevent some HPV infections, the relatively modest uptake of the vaccine, especially in the developing world, and the very high fraction of men and women who are already infected, means that HPV-associated disease will remain as a significant public health problem for decades. In this review, we summarize some recent findings on HPV-associated carcinogenesis, such as miRNAs in HPV-associated cancers, implication of stem cells in the biology and therapy of HPV-positive cancers, HPV vaccines, targeted therapy of cervical cancer, and drug treatment for HPV-induced intraepithelial neoplasias.
  • Model systems to study the life cycle of human papillomaviruses and HPV-associated cancers

    Louise T. Chow*

    2015, 30(2): 92 doi: 10.1007/s12250-015-3600-9

    收稿日期: 2015-04-21 录用日期: 2015-04-21 出版日期: 2015-04-23
    [HTML全文] [PDF 643 KB] Springerlink
    The prevalent human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect either cutaneous or mucosal epithelium. Active Infections lead to epithelial hyperprolifeation and are usually cleared in healthy individuals within a year. Persistent infections in the anogenital tracts by certain high-risk genotypes such as HPV-16, HPV-18 and closely related types, can progress to high grade dysplasias and carcinomas in women and men, including cervical, vulva, penile and anal cancers. A signifiant fraction of the head and neck cancers are also caused by HPV-16. The viral oncogenes responsible for neoplastic conversion are E6 and E7 that disrupt the pathways controlled by the two major tumor suppressor genes, p53 and members of pRB family. Because HPV cannot be propagated in conventional submerged monolayer cell cultures, organotypic epithelial raft cultures that generate a stratifid and differentiated epithelium have been used to study the viral life cycle. This article describes several systems to examine aspects of the viral productive phase, along with the advantages and limitations. Animal model systems of HPV carcinogenesis are also briefl described.
  • Genetic and epigenetic alterations in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

    Yongjun Tian, Jing-hsiung James Ou*

    2015, 30(2): 85 doi: 10.1007/s12250-015-3582-7

    收稿日期: 2015-03-13 录用日期: 2015-03-25 出版日期: 2015-04-23
    [HTML全文] [PDF 713 KB] Springerlink
    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its chronic infection can lead to chronic liver inflammation and the accumulation of genetic alterations to result in the oncogenic transformation of hepatocytes. HBV can also sensitize hepatocytes to oncogenic transformation by causing genetic and epigenetic changes of the host chromosomes. HBV DNA can insert into host chromosomes and recent large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies revealed recurrent HBV DNA integrations sites that may play important roles in the initiation of hepatocellular carcinogenesis. HBV can also cause epigenetic changes by altering the methylation status of cellular DNA, the post-translational modification of histones, and the expression of microRNAs. These changes can also lead to the eventual hepatocellular transformation. These recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic alterations of the host chromosomes induced by HBV opened a new avenue for the development of novel diagnosis and treatments for HBV-induced HCC.
  • Oncogenic viruses and cancer

    Guangxiang George, hsiung James

    2015, 30(2): 83 doi: 10.1007/s12250-015-3599-y

    出版日期: 2015-04-23
    [HTML全文] [PDF 529 KB] Springerlink
    This special issue of the journal is dedicated to the important topic of oncogenic viruses and cancer. It contains seven review articles covering all known oncogenic viruses except for human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). These review articles are contributed by experts on specific viruses and their associated human cancers. Viruses account for about 20% of total human cancer cases. Although many viruses can cause various tumors in animals, only seven of them are associated with human cancers and are currently considered oncogenic viruses. These viruses include hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), human herpes virus 8 (HHV8), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), and HTLV-1. HBV and HCV cause approximately 80% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common cancer of the liver. High-risk HPV strains are the major causes of cervical cancer and other ano-genital neoplasms as well as a significant proportion of head and neck tumors. EBV is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and Burkitt’s lymphoma. HHV8 (also called Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus,KSHV) is responsible for Kaposi’s sarcoma often found in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). MCPyV causes Merkel cell carcinoma and HTLV-1 is the causative agent of adult T-cell lymphoma.
39卷第1期 (2024年2月)

ISSN 1674-0769

EISSN 1995-820X

CN 42-1760/Q

主编: 石正丽

影响因子: 5.5*

*源于2022年JCR

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