• Abolnik C, Gerdes G H, Kitching J. Characterization of pigeon paramyxoviruses (Newcastle disease virus) isolated in South Africa from 2001 to 2006[J]. Onderstepoort J Vet, 2008, 75(): 147-152.

  • Aldous E W, Fuller C M, Mynn J K. A molecular epidemiological investigation of isolates of the variant avian paramyxovirus type 1 virus (PPMV-1) responsible for the 1978 to present panzootic in pigeons[J]. Avian Pathol, 2004, 33(2): 258-269. doi: 10.1080/0307945042000195768

  • Alexander D J, Parsons G. Pathogenicity for chickens of avian paramyxovirus type Ⅰ isolates obtained from pigeons in Great Britain during 1983-1985[J]. Avian Pathol, 1986, 15(): 487-493. doi: 10.1080/03079458608436309

  • Biancifiori F, Fioroni A. An occurrence of Newcastle disease in pigeons: virological and serological studies on the isolates[J]. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 1983, 6(): 247-252. doi: 10.1016/0147-9571(83)90017-6

  • Bogoyavlenskiy A, Berezin V, Prilipov A. Newcastle disease outbreaks in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan during 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, and 2005 were caused by viruses of the genotypes VIIb and VIId[J]. Virus Genes, 2009, 39(1): 94-101. doi: 10.1007/s11262-009-0370-1

  • Bogoyavlenskiy A, Berezin V, Prilipov A. Molecular characterization of virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates from chickens during the 1998 NDV outbreak in Kazakhstan[J]. Virus Genes, 2005, 31(1): 13-20. doi: 10.1007/s11262-004-2195-2

  • Jones D T, Taylor W R, Thornton J M. The rapid generation of mutation data matrices from protein sequences[J]. Comput Appl Biosci, 1992, 8(): 275-282.

  • Kaleta E F, Alexander D J, Russell P H. The first isolation of the avian PMV-1 virus responsible for the current panzootic in pigeons?[J]. Avian Pathology, 1985, 14(): 553-557. doi: 10.1080/03079458508436258

  • Krapez U, Racnik J, Slavec B. Detection and molecular characterization of a pigeon variant of avian paramyxovirus type 1 virus (PPMV-1) from a blackbird (Turdus merula)[J]. Slov Vet Res, 2010, 47(3): 83-90.

  • Lee Y J, Sung H W, Choi J G. Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease viruses isolated in South Korea using sequencing of the fusion protein cleavage site region and phylogenetic relationships[J]. Avian Pathol, 2004, 33(5): 482-/491. doi: 10.1080/03079450400003700

  • Mayo M A. Virus Taxonomy – Houston[J]. 2002. Arch Virol, 2002, 147(): 1071-1076.

  • Rui Z, Juan P, Jingliang S. Phylogenetic characterization of Newcastle Disease virus isolated in the mainland of China during 2001-2009[J]. Vet Microbiol, 2010, 141(): 246-257. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.09.020

  • Saitou N, Nei M. The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 1987, 4(): 406-425.

  • Tamura K, Nei M, Kumar S. Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method[J]. P Natl Acad Sci USA, 2004, 101(): 11030-11035. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0404206101

  • Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N. MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2011, 28(10): 2731-2739. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msr121

  • Ujvari D, Wehmann E, Kaleta E F. Phylogenetic analysis reveals extensive evolution of avian paramyxovirus type 1 strains of pigeons (Columba livia) and suggests multiple species transmission[J]. Virus Res, 2003, 96(): 63-73. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1702(03)00173-4

  • Wilson G W. Newcastle disease and paramyxovirus 1 of pigeons in the European Community[J]. World Poultry Sci J, 1986, 42(): 143-153. doi: 10.1079/WPS19860011

  • Zuckerkandl E, Pauling L. 1965. Evolutionary divergence and convergence in proteins. In: Evolving Genes and Proteins, Bryson V, Vogel H J, ed. New York: Academic Press, pp97-166.