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Clinical characteristics (n = 131) Sex (Male/Female) 90 (68.7%)/41 (31.3%) Age, years 51.4 ± 11.8 (24–81) Age range, years 24–39 19 (14.5%) 40–59 76 (58.0%) 60–79 35 (16.7%) ≥ 80 1 (0.8%) Days from onset to hospitalization 9.04 ± 3.93 (1–24) Time of staying in hospital (days) 18.26 ± 10.06 (4–72) Normal/severe/critical cases 15 (11.4%)/82 (62.6%)/34 (26.0%) Comorbidities 55 (42%) Hypertension 31 (23.7%) Diabetes mellitus 14 (10.7%) Heart disease 7 (5.3%) Epidemiologic history History of residence or travel 131 (100%) Exposure to Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market 75 (57.3%) History of contacting with COVID-19 patients 12 (9.2%) Clustered onset 9 (6.9%) Onset symptoms Fever 124 (94.7%) Cough 96 (73.3%) Dyspnea 50 (38.2%) Fatigue 43 (32.8%) Shortness of breath 33 (25.2%) Gasping 22 (16.8%) Muscle ache 20 (15.3%) Headache 15 (11.5%) Chill 12 (9.2%) Chest pain 7 (5.3%) Nausea 5 (3.8%) Dizziness 5 (3.8%) Sore throat 4 (3.1%) Runny nose 4 (3.1%) Difficulty breathing 4 (3.1%) Joint soreness 4 (3.1%) Palpitations 3 (2.3%) Vomit 3 (2.3%) Shivering 3 (2.3%) Diarrhea 2 (1.5%) Treatment Glucocorticoids 64 (48.9%) Immunoglobulin 19 (14.5%) High-flow Nasal Cannula 33 (25.2%) Non-invasive ventilation 16 (12.2%) Invasive ventilation 7 (5.3%) Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 4 (3.1%) Renal replacement therapy 6 (4.6%) Blood transfusion 4 (3.1%) Vasoconstrictive agents 4 (3.1%) Complication 72 (55.0%) Liver dysfunction 48 (36.6%) Acute respiratory distress syndrome 40 (30.5%) Hypoproteinemia 34 (26.0%) Sepsis 18 (13.7%) Thrombocytopenia 16 (12.2%) Acute kidney injury 13 (9.9%) Septic shock 11 (8.4%) Acute myocardial injury 9 (6.9%) In-hospital mortality 15 (11.5%) Table 1. Demographics and clinical characteristics of the included patients.
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Parameter White blood cell count, × 109/L 6.02 ± 3.30 < 3.5 25/131 (19.1%) 3.5 ~ 9.5 88/131 (67.2%) > 9.5 18/131 (13.7%) Neutrophil count, × 109 /L 4.66 ± 3.38 Lymphocyte count, × 109 /L 1.00 ± 0.52 < 1.1 83/131 (63.4%) ≥ 1.1 48/131 (36.6%) C-reactive protein, mg/L < 5 21/128 (16.4%) ≥ 5 107/128 (83.6%) Procalcitonin, ng/mL < 0.5 123/128 (96.1%) ≥ 0.5 5/128 (3.9%) ESR, mm/h 49.82 ± 5.06 < 15 7/127 (5.5%) ≥ 15 120/127 (94.5%) Interleukin6, pg/mL 8.10 ± 5.80 < 7 48/97 (49.5%) ≥ 7 49/97 (50.5%) Ferritin, ng/mL < 274.66 33/119 (27.7%) ≥ 274.66 86/119 (72.3%) LDH, mmol/L 326.14 ± 113.74 < 250 43/128 (33.6%) ≥ 250 85/128 (66.4%) FIB, g/L 5.26 ± 1.91 < 2 3/124 (2.4%) 2 ~ 4 29/124 (23.4%) ≥ 4 92/124 (74.2%) D-Dimer, mg/L < 1.5 103/123 (83.7%) ≥ 1.5 20/123 (16.3%) Continuous data are expressed as mean ± SD. Categorical data are presented as n/N (%), where N is the total number of patients with available data. Table 2. Laboratory parameters.
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Days after onset Number of samples Number of positive for IgM by ELISA Number of positive for IgG by ELISA ELISA OD ratio of IgM ELISA OD ratio of IgG 5 ~ 10 34 13 (38.2%) 22 (64.7%)* 0.202 ± 0.273 0.905 ± 0.808 11 ~ 20 151 115 (76.2%) 147 (97.4%)* 0.431 ± 0.534 1.683 ± 0.653# 21 ~ 30 35 28 (80.0%) 35 (100%)* 0.435 ± 0.493 1.686 ± 0.542# 31 ~ 40 6 4 (66.7%) 5 (83.3%) 0.187 ± 0.103 1.621 ± 0.932# 5 ~ 40 226 160 (70.8%) 209 (92.5%)* 0.391 ± 0.496 1.565 ± 0.722# *P < 0.05 versus IgM in the same period.
#P < 0.05 versus 5 to 10 days.Table 3. Differential sensitivity of ELISA for detection of IgM and IgG in different periods after disease onset.
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Times of detection Number of patients Number of positive for IgM by ELISA Number of positive for IgG by ELISA 1 36 26 (72.2%) 35 (97.2%) 2 95 87 (91.6%)* 94 (98.9%) Total 131 113 (86.3%) 129 (98.5%) *P < 0.05 versus once. Table 4. Differential sensitivity of ELISA for detection of IgM and IgG with different times in COVID-19 patients.
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Negative to positive Positive to negative Positive twice Negative twice Number (%) of IgM change 30 (31.6%) 10 (10.5%) 47 (49.5%) 8 (8.4%) Number (%) of IgG change 11 (11.6%) 3 (3.2%) 80 (84.1%) 1 (1.1%) Table 5. Dynamic changes of IgM and IgG in COVID-19 patients (n = 95).
Figure 2 个
Table 5 个