• Ball JK, Curran R, Berridge S, Grabowska AM, Jameson CL, Thomson BJ, Irving WL, Sharp PM (1999) TT virus sequence heterogeneity in vivo: evidence for co-infection with multiple genetic types. J Gen Virol 80 ( Pt 7):1759-1768.

  • Barberan A, Bates ST, Casamayor EO, Fierer N (2012) Using network analysis to explore co-occurrence patterns in soil microbial communities. Isme j 6:343-351.

  • Barr JJ, Auro R, Furlan M, Whiteson KL, Erb ML, Pogliano J, Stotland A, Wolkowicz R, Cutting AS, Doran KS, Salamon P, Youle M, Rohwer F (2013) Bacteriophage adhering to mucus provide a non-host-derived immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:10771-10776.

  • Bezerra RS, Bitencourt HT, Covas DT, Kashima S, Slavov SN (2020) Metagenomic identification of human Gemykibivirus-2 (HuGkV-2) in parenterally infected blood donors from the Brazilian Amazon. Int J Infect Dis 98:249-251.

  • Bradley E, Haran J (2024) The human gut microbiome and aging. Gut Microbes 16:2359677.

  • Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A (2024) Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 74:229-263.

  • Butkovic A, Kraberger S, Smeele Z, Martin DP, Schmidlin K, Fontenele RS, Shero MR, Beltran RS, Kirkham AL, Aleamotu'a M, Burns JM, Koonin EV, Varsani A, Krupovic M (2023) Evolution of anelloviruses from a circovirus-like ancestor through gradual augmentation of the jelly-roll capsid protein. Virus Evol 9:vead035.

  • Capella-Gutierrez S, Silla-Martinez JM, Gabaldon T (2009) trimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses. Bioinformatics 25:1972-1973.

  • Cebria-Mendoza M, Bracho MA, Arbona C, Larrea L, Diaz W, Sanjuan R, Cuevas JM (2021) Exploring the Diversity of the Human Blood Virome. Viruses 13: 2322.

  • Che L, Liu, Z.Y, Peng, YZ., Li, L., Wang, X., Liu, N., Du, N., Huang, Y., Zhang, K., Wang, Z., (2026) Human parvovirus B19 co-infection in a patient with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: A case Report. Zoonoses 6: 4.

  • Chen S, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Gu J (2018) fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor. Bioinformatics 34:i884-i890.

  • Cinti L, Spezia PG, Roberto P, Russo G, Lai Q, Carillo C, Frasca F, Antonelli G, Maggi F (2025) Assessment of Torquetenominivirus (TTMV) and Torquetenomidivirus (TTMDV) as Complementary Biomarkers to Torquetenovirus (TTV). Int J Mol Sci 26: 1022.

  • Coker OO, Dai Z, Nie Y, Zhao G, Cao L, Nakatsu G, Wu WK, Wong SH, Chen Z, Sung JJY, Yu J (2018) Mucosal microbiome dysbiosis in gastric carcinogenesis. Gut 67:1024-1032.

  • Cordey S, Laubscher F, Hartley MA, Junier T, Keitel K, Docquier M, Guex N, Iseli C, Vieille G, Le Mercier P, Gleizes A, Samaka J, Mlaganile T, Kagoro F, Masimba J, Said Z, Temba H, Elbanna GH, Tapparel C, Zanella MC, Xenarios I, Fellay J, D'Acremont V, Kaiser L (2021) Blood virosphere in febrile Tanzanian children. Emerg Microbes Infect 10:982-993.

  • Fernandez-Ruiz M (2020) Torque Teno virus load as a surrogate marker for the net state of immunosuppression: The beneficial side of the virome. Am J Transplant 20:1963-1964.

  • Focosi D, Spezia PG, Maggi F (2024) The Emerging Tool of the Human Anellovirome. Viruses 16: 990.

  • Gainor K, Castillo Fortuna Y, Alakkaparambil AS, Gonzalez W, Malik YS, Ghosh S (2022) Detection and Complete Genome Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) and an Unclassified CRESS DNA Virus from Diarrheic Pigs in the Dominican Republic: First Evidence for Predominance of PCV2d from the Caribbean Region. Viruses 14: 1799.

  • Garcia-Camacho LA, Vargas-Ruiz A, Marin-Flamand E, Ramirez-Alvarez H, Brown C (2020) A retrospective study of DNA prevalence of porcine parvoviruses in Mexico and its relationship with porcine circovirus associated disease. Microbiol Immunol 64:366-376.

  • Guo H, Tang H, Zhao Y, Zhao Q, Hou X, Ren L (2022) Molecular Typing of Gastric Cancer Based on Invasion-Related Genes and Prognosis-Related Features. Front Oncol 12:848163.

  • Han Z, Cheng S, Dai D, Kou Y, Zhang X, Li F, Yin X, Ji J, Zhang Z, Wang X, Zhu N, Zhang Q, Tan Y, Guo X, Shen L, Peng Z (2023) The gut microbiome affects response of treatments in HER2-negative advanced gastric cancer. Clin Transl Med 13:e1312.

  • Jia K, Chen Y, Xie Y, Wang X, Hu Y, Sun Y, Cao Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Wang Z, Lu Z, Li J, Zhang X, Shen L (2024) Helicobacter pylori and immunotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer. Innovation (Camb) 5:100561.

  • Kaczorowska J, Deijs M, Klein M, Bakker M, Jebbink MF, Sparreboom M, Kinsella CM, Timmerman AL, van der Hoek L (2022) Diversity and Long-Term Dynamics of Human Blood Anelloviruses. J Virol 96:e0010922.

  • Kaczorowska J, van der Hoek L (2020) Human anelloviruses: diverse, omnipresent and commensal members of the virome. FEMS Microbiol Rev 44:305-313.

  • Katoh K, Misawa K, Kuma K, Miyata T (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Res 30:3059-3066.

  • Kong C, Liu G, Kalady MF, Jin T, Ma Y (2023) Dysbiosis of the stool DNA and RNA virome in Crohn's disease. J Med Virol 95:e28573.

  • Kuczaj A, Przybylowski P, Hrapkowicz T (2023) Torque Teno Virus (TTV)-A Potential Marker of Immunocompetence in Solid Organ Recipients. Viruses 16: 17.

  • Li J, Sun J, Zeng Z, Liu Z, Ma M, Zheng Z, He Y, Kang W (2023) Tumour-associated macrophages in gastric cancer: From function and mechanism to application. Clin Transl Med 13:e1386.

  • Li W, Pan S, Qian J, Xia Y, Han G, Liu J, Wang Y, Peng L, Huang S, Chen Y, Xie Y, Xu J, Zhang W, Zhou C (2025) Comparisons of blood, upper respiratory tract and gut viromes from patients with lung cancer and healthy persons. Int J Cancer 157:1924-1938.

  • Li Y, Song TZ, Cao L, Zhang HD, Ma Y, Tian RR, Zheng YT, Zhang C (2024) Large expansion of plasma commensal viruses is associated with SIV pathogenesis in Macaca leonina. Sci Adv 10:eadq1152.

  • Lin H, He J, Ren J, Chen X, Wang T, Zhang H, Wang S, Wang M, Chen T, Duan S, He N (2025) Targeted plasma proteomics reveals organ damage signatures of AIDS- and noncommunicable disease-related deaths in people with HIV. Nat Commun 16:3877.

  • Lin X, Yu Z, Liu Y, Li C, Hu H, Hu JC, Liu M, Yang Q, Gu P, Li J, Nandakumar KS, Hu G, Zhang Q, Chen X, Ma H, Huang W, Wang G, Wang Y, Huang L, Wu W, Liu NN, Zhang C, Liu X, Zheng L, Chen P (2025) Gut-X axis. Imeta 4:e270.

  • Liou SH, Boggavarapu R, Cohen NR, Zhang Y, Sharma I, Zeheb L, Mukund Acharekar N, Rodgers HD, Islam S, Pitts J, Arze C, Swaminathan H, Yozwiak N, Ong T, Hajjar RJ, Chang Y, Swanson KA, Delagrave S (2024) Structure of anellovirus-like particles reveal a mechanism for immune evasion. Nat Commun 15:7219.

  • Luo S, Ru J, Mirzaei MK, Xue J, Peng X, Ralser A, Mejias-Luque R, Gerhard M, Deng L (2023) Gut virome profiling identifies an association between temperate phages and colorectal cancer promoted by Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut Microbes 15:2257291.

  • Ma Y, Zhang M, Wang Z, Cao L, Li Y, Wan Z, Kane Y, Wang G, Li X, Zhang C (2025) Short-term antiretroviral therapy may not correct the dysregulations of plasma virome and cytokines induced by HIV-1 infection. Virulence 16:2467168.

  • Minh BQ, Schmidt HA, Chernomor O, Schrempf D, Woodhams MD, von Haeseler A, Lanfear R (2020) IQ-TREE 2: New Models and Efficient Methods for Phylogenetic Inference in the Genomic Era. Mol Biol Evol 37:1530-1534.

  • Nakatsu G, Zhou H, Wu WKK, Wong SH, Coker OO, Dai Z, Li X, Szeto CH, Sugimura N, Lam TY, Yu AC, Wang X, Chen Z, Wong MC, Ng SC, Chan MTV, Chan PKS, Chan FKL, Sung JJ, Yu J (2018) Alterations in Enteric Virome Are Associated With Colorectal Cancer and Survival Outcomes. Gastroenterology 155:529-541.e525.

  • Nishimuni M, C. L. C. L. Braghiroli., M. I. F. Melro. (2024) Advancements and challenges in gastric cancer: epidemiology, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies. Surgical and Experimental Pathology 7:19.

  • Phan TG, Mori D, Deng X, Rajindrajith S, Ranawaka U, Fan Ng TF, Bucardo-Rivera F, Orlandi P, Ahmed K, Delwart E (2015) Small circular single stranded DNA viral genomes in unexplained cases of human encephalitis, diarrhea, and in untreated sewage. Virology 482:98-104.

  • Piazuelo MB, Correa P (2013) Gastric cancer: Overview. Colomb Med (Cali) 44:192-201.

  • Sawata T, Bando M, Nakayama M, Mato N, Yamasawa H, Takahashi M, Okamoto H, Sugiyama Y (2018) Clinical significance of changes in Torque teno virus DNA titer after chemotherapy in patients with primary lung cancer. Respir Investig 56:173-178.

  • Shkoporov AN, Clooney AG, Sutton TDS, Ryan FJ, Daly KM, Nolan JA, McDonnell SA, Khokhlova EV, Draper LA, Forde A, Guerin E, Velayudhan V, Ross RP, Hill C (2019) The Human Gut Virome Is Highly Diverse, Stable, and Individual Specific. Cell Host Microbe 26:527-541.e525.

  • Spandole S, Cimponeriu D, Berca LM, Mihaescu G (2015) Human anelloviruses: an update of molecular, epidemiological and clinical aspects. Arch Virol 160:893-908.

  • Tang JY, Chen TB, Kouznetsova VL, Tsigelny IF (2025) Anelloviruses and Cancer. J Infect Dis 231:298-306.

  • Terrisse S, Derosa L, Iebba V, Ghiringhelli F, Vaz-Luis I, Kroemer G, Fidelle M, Christodoulidis S, Segata N, Thomas AM, Martin AL, Sirven A, Everhard S, Aprahamian F, Nirmalathasan N, Aarnoutse R, Smidt M, Ziemons J, Caldas C, Loibl S, Denkert C, Durand S, Iglesias C, Pietrantonio F, Routy B, Andre F, Pasolli E, Delaloge S, Zitvogel L (2021) Intestinal microbiota influences clinical outcome and side effects of early breast cancer treatment. Cell Death Differ 28:2778-2796.

  • Timmerman AL, Schonert ALM, van der Hoek L (2024) Anelloviruses versus human immunity: how do we control these viruses? FEMS Microbiol Rev 48: fuae005.

  • Tuladhar ET, Shrestha S, Vernon S, Droit L, Mihindukulasuriya KA, Tamang M, Karki L, Elong Ngono A, Jha B, Awal BK, Chalise BS, Jha R, Shresta S, Wang D, Manandhar KD (2024) Gemykibivirus detection in acute encephalitis patients from Nepal. mSphere 9:e0021924.

  • Varsani A, Opriessnig T, Celer V, Maggi F, Okamoto H, Blomstrom AL, Cadar D, Harrach B, Biagini P, Kraberger S (2021) Taxonomic update for mammalian anelloviruses (family Anelloviridae). Arch Virol 166:2943-2953.

  • Wang J, Li Y, He X, Ma J, Hong W, Hu F, Zhao L, Li Q, Zhang J, Zhang C, Zhang F (2019) Gemykibivirus Genome in Lower Respiratory Tract of Elderly Woman With Unexplained Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 69:861-864.

  • Wang W, Jovel J, Halloran B, Wine E, Patterson J, Ford G, OʼKeefe S, Meng B, Song D, Zhang Y, Tian Z, Wasilenko ST, Rahbari M, Reza S, Mitchell T, Jordan T, Carpenter E, Madsen K, Fedorak R, Dielemann LA, Ka-Shu Wong G, Mason AL (2015) Metagenomic analysis of microbiome in colon tissue from subjects with inflammatory bowel diseases reveals interplay of viruses and bacteria. Inflamm Bowel Dis 21:1419-1427.

  • Wang W, Yuan L, Zhang M, Zhao Q, Pang W, Sun D, Jia X, Tan F, Niu T, Tian K, Li X (2025) Metagenomic Identification of a Novel Zoonotic Gemykibivirus in a Diarrheic Pig in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2025:7560012.

  • Widder S, Gorzer I, Friedel B, Rahimi N, Schwarz S, Jaksch P, Knapp S, Puchhammer-Stockl E (2022) Metagenomic sequencing reveals time, host, and body compartment-specific viral dynamics after lung transplantation. Microbiome 10:66.

  • Wu M, Tian C, Zou Z, Jin M, Liu H (2024) Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Gastric Cancer: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Applications-A Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 16: 3547.

  • Wu Y, Peng Y (2024) Ten computational challenges in human virome studies. Virol Sin 39:845-850.

  • Xiao Q, Liu Y, Li T, Wang C, He S, Zhai L, Yang Z, Zhang X, Wu Y, Liu Y (2025) Viral oncogenesis in cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 10:151.

  • Xie M, Li X, H. Cheuk-Hay. Lau, Ju Y (2025) The gut microbiota in cancer immunity and immunotherapy. Cellular & Molecular Immunology 22:1012-1031.

  • Zeng R, Gou H, Lau HCH, Yu J (2024) Stomach microbiota in gastric cancer development and clinical implications. Gut 73:2062-2073.

  • Zhang P, Tuo X, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Deng C, Zhao G, Cheng Y, Song L, Yang Y, Guo R, Zhang H, Zhao H, Ma S, Li L, Shi H (2025) Characteristics of the gut virome in patients with premalignant colorectal adenoma. J Transl Med 23:597.

  • Zhang T, Breitbart M, Lee WH, Run JQ, Wei CL, Soh SW, Hibberd ML, Liu ET, Rohwer F, Ruan Y (2006) RNA viral community in human feces: prevalence of plant pathogenic viruses. PLoS Biol 4:e3.

  • Zhang Y, Tian, X., Peng, R., Wang, G., Deng, W., Jia, Y., Tang, C., Huang, Y., Hu, X., Tang, C., Li, Z., Chan, J., Du, J., Wang, B., Yin, F. (2025) Metagenomic analysis of tick-borne viruses in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, China: Epidemiological risk of potential novel pathogenic viruses relevant to public health. Zoonoses 5: 10.

  • Zuo T, Lu XJ, Zhang Y, Cheung CP, Lam S, Zhang F, Tang W, Ching JYL, Zhao R, Chan PKS, Sung JJY, Yu J, Chan FKL, Cao Q, Sheng JQ, Ng SC (2019) Gut mucosal virome alterations in ulcerative colitis. Gut 68:1169-1179.