Figure 1个  Table 2
    • HFRS NE HCPS
      Common features sudden fever, prostration, myalgia and abdominal discomfort
      Symptoms hemorrhage, petechiae, inflammatory symptoms of the eye, acute myopia, varying degrees of acute renal failure dry cough, rapidly increasing dyspnea On chest radiography, rapidly evolving bilateral interstitial edema
      Clinical phases five phases (febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, polyuric, convalescent) five phases (febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, polyuric, convalescent) three phases (prodromal, cardiopulmonary, convalescent)
      Main target organ kidneys kidneys lungs
      Morbidity rate 1%-12% 0.1%-1.0% 40%-50%
      Complications acute encephalomyelitis, bleeding, multiorgan dysfunction, pituitary hemorrhage, glomerulonephritis, pulmonary edema, shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, lethal outcome acute encephalomyelitis, bleeding, multiorgan dysfunction, need of dialysis, perimyocarditis, pituitary hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, shock, lethal outcome renal insufficiency, thrombocytopenia, bleeding, myalgia, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, lethal outcome
      Note:HFRS, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; NE, nephropathia epidemica; HCPS, hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. NE is a mild form of HFRS.(Maes et al., 2009; Papa, 2012; Mustonen et al., 2013; Jiang et al., 2016)

      Table 1.  General features of HFRS, NE and HCPS

    • Virus isolate or strain Abbreviation Associated disease Rodent host Geographic distribution
      Amur virus (Zhang et al., 2013) AMRV HFRS Apodemus peninsulae Russia, China, Korea
      Dobrava-Belgrade virus (Papa, 2012) DOBV HFRS Apodemus flavicollis Europe (Balkans)
      Hantaan Virus (Jiang et al., 2016) HTNV HFRS Apodemus agrarius China, South Korea, Russia
      Puumala virus (Maes et al., 2004) PUUV HFRS/NE/HCPS Clethrionomys glareolus Myodes glareolus Europe (Finland)
      Saaremaa virus (Plyusnina et al., 2009a) SAAV HFRS/NE Apodemus agrarius Europe
      Seoul virus (Yao et al., 2012) SEOV HFRS Rattus norvegicus Worldwide
      Thailand hantavirus (Pattamadilok et al., 2006; Gamage et al., 2011) THAIV HFRS Bandicota indica Thailand
      Tula virus (Nikolic et al., 2014) TULV HFRS Microtus arvalis Europe
      Andes virus (Torres-Perez et al., 2016) ANDV HCPS Oligoryzomys longicaudatus Argentina, Chile
      Araraquara virus (de Araujo et al., 2015) ARAV HCPS Necromys lasiurus Brazil
      Bayou virus (Holsomback et al., 2013) BAYV HCPS Oryzomys palustris North America
      Bermejo virus (Padula et al., 2002) BMJV HCPS Oligoryzomys chacoensis Oligoryzomys flavescens Argentina, Bolivia
      Black Creek Canal virus (Knust and Rollin, 2013) BCCV HCPS Sigmodon hispidus North America
      Castelo Dos Sonhos virus (Firth et al., 2012) CASV HCPS Oligoryzomys spp.? Brazil
      Choclo virus (Nelson et al., 2010) CHOV HCPS Oligoryzomys fulvescens Panama
      Juquitiba virus (Figueiredo et al., 2014) JUQV HCPS Oligoryzomys nigripes Argentina, Brazil
      Laguna Negra Virus (Figueiredo et al., 2014) LANV HCPS Calomys callosus Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia
      Lechiguanas virus (Guterres et al., 2015) LECV HCPS Oligoryzomys flavescens Argentina
      Maciel virus (Guterres et al., 2015) MCLV HCPS Bolomys obscurus Argentina
      Monongahela virus (Rhodes et al., 2000) MGLV HCPS Peromyscus leucopus North America
      Muleshoe virus (Rawlings et al., 1996) MULEV HCPS Sigmodon hispidus North America
      New York virus (Knust and Rollin, 2013) NYV HCPS Peromyscus leucopus North America
      Oran virus (Figueiredo et al., 2014) ORNV HCPS Oligoryzomys chacoensis Argentina
      Sin Nombre virus (Brocato et al., 2014) SNV HCPS Peromyscus maniculatus North America

      Table 2.  Geographic distribution of pathogenic hantaviruses