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HFRS NE HCPS Common features sudden fever, prostration, myalgia and abdominal discomfort Symptoms hemorrhage, petechiae, inflammatory symptoms of the eye, acute myopia, varying degrees of acute renal failure dry cough, rapidly increasing dyspnea On chest radiography, rapidly evolving bilateral interstitial edema Clinical phases five phases (febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, polyuric, convalescent) five phases (febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, polyuric, convalescent) three phases (prodromal, cardiopulmonary, convalescent) Main target organ kidneys kidneys lungs Morbidity rate 1%-12% 0.1%-1.0% 40%-50% Complications acute encephalomyelitis, bleeding, multiorgan dysfunction, pituitary hemorrhage, glomerulonephritis, pulmonary edema, shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, lethal outcome acute encephalomyelitis, bleeding, multiorgan dysfunction, need of dialysis, perimyocarditis, pituitary hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, shock, lethal outcome renal insufficiency, thrombocytopenia, bleeding, myalgia, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, lethal outcome Note:HFRS, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; NE, nephropathia epidemica; HCPS, hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. NE is a mild form of HFRS.(Maes et al., 2009; Papa, 2012; Mustonen et al., 2013; Jiang et al., 2016) Table 1. General features of HFRS, NE and HCPS
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Virus isolate or strain Abbreviation Associated disease Rodent host Geographic distribution Amur virus (Zhang et al., 2013) AMRV HFRS Apodemus peninsulae Russia, China, Korea Dobrava-Belgrade virus (Papa, 2012) DOBV HFRS Apodemus flavicollis Europe (Balkans) Hantaan Virus (Jiang et al., 2016) HTNV HFRS Apodemus agrarius China, South Korea, Russia Puumala virus (Maes et al., 2004) PUUV HFRS/NE/HCPS Clethrionomys glareolus Myodes glareolus Europe (Finland) Saaremaa virus (Plyusnina et al., 2009a) SAAV HFRS/NE Apodemus agrarius Europe Seoul virus (Yao et al., 2012) SEOV HFRS Rattus norvegicus Worldwide Thailand hantavirus (Pattamadilok et al., 2006; Gamage et al., 2011) THAIV HFRS Bandicota indica Thailand Tula virus (Nikolic et al., 2014) TULV HFRS Microtus arvalis Europe Andes virus (Torres-Perez et al., 2016) ANDV HCPS Oligoryzomys longicaudatus Argentina, Chile Araraquara virus (de Araujo et al., 2015) ARAV HCPS Necromys lasiurus Brazil Bayou virus (Holsomback et al., 2013) BAYV HCPS Oryzomys palustris North America Bermejo virus (Padula et al., 2002) BMJV HCPS Oligoryzomys chacoensis Oligoryzomys flavescens Argentina, Bolivia Black Creek Canal virus (Knust and Rollin, 2013) BCCV HCPS Sigmodon hispidus North America Castelo Dos Sonhos virus (Firth et al., 2012) CASV HCPS Oligoryzomys spp.? Brazil Choclo virus (Nelson et al., 2010) CHOV HCPS Oligoryzomys fulvescens Panama Juquitiba virus (Figueiredo et al., 2014) JUQV HCPS Oligoryzomys nigripes Argentina, Brazil Laguna Negra Virus (Figueiredo et al., 2014) LANV HCPS Calomys callosus Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia Lechiguanas virus (Guterres et al., 2015) LECV HCPS Oligoryzomys flavescens Argentina Maciel virus (Guterres et al., 2015) MCLV HCPS Bolomys obscurus Argentina Monongahela virus (Rhodes et al., 2000) MGLV HCPS Peromyscus leucopus North America Muleshoe virus (Rawlings et al., 1996) MULEV HCPS Sigmodon hispidus North America New York virus (Knust and Rollin, 2013) NYV HCPS Peromyscus leucopus North America Oran virus (Figueiredo et al., 2014) ORNV HCPS Oligoryzomys chacoensis Argentina Sin Nombre virus (Brocato et al., 2014) SNV HCPS Peromyscus maniculatus North America Table 2. Geographic distribution of pathogenic hantaviruses
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