Figure 2个  Table 3个
    • Virus species Outcomes of pregnant women after infection Total cases
      Deatds Survive but have sequelae Survive witdout sequelae
      HTNV/SEOV 27 20 209 256
      PUUV 0 0 10 10
      SNV 2 0 6 8
      DOBV 0 0 2 2
      Total cases 29 20 227 276
      The sequelae mainly include menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, no milk secretion after delivery, sexual dysfunction, hair loss, autonomic dysfunction, and chronic renal insufficiency (Hofmann et al. 2012; Ji et al. 2017; Howard et al. 1999; Partanen et al. 1990; Silberberg et al. 1993; Prebensen 1997; Tiilikainen and Jouppila 1989; Jing and Jing 1994; Wang et al. 1992; Sha et al. 2000; Mace et al. 2013; Dai 2004; Liu et al. 2013; Georges et al. 2008; Schneider et al. 2009; Gilson et al. 1994; Murthy et al. 2016; Wang 2014; Zhang 1995; Duan et al. 1996; Kim and Choi 2006; Zheng 1985; Cui 2005; Liu et al. 2017; Todorovic et al. 2010; Chen 2008; Xie 1994; Hao 1997; Ying 1984; Gao 2013; Chen 1994; Lu et al. 2018; Li 2019; Ma et al. 2003; Latus et al. 2013).

      Table 1.  Clinical outcomes of pregnant women infected with different species of hantaviruses.

    • Virus species Outcomes of fetuses Total cases
      Deatds Survival witd sequelae Survival witdout sequelae
      HTNV/SEOV 71 8 144 223
      PUUV 0 0 9 9
      SNV 2 1 3 6
      DOBV 0 0 2 2
      Total cases 73 9 158 240
      The sequelae mainly include congenital heart disease, necrotizing enteritis, restricted growth and development, and hydrocephalus (Hofmann et al. 2012; Ji et al. 2017; Howard et al. 1999; Partanen et al. 1990; Silberberg et al. 1993; Prebensen 1997; Tiilikainen and Jouppila 1989; Jing and Jing 1994; Wang et al. 1992; Sha et al. 2000; Mace et al. 2013; Schneider et al. 2009; Gilson et al. 1994; Wang 2014; Zhang 1995; Duan et al. 1996; Kim and Choi 2006; Todorovic et al. 2010; Chen 2008; Xie 1994; Hao 1997; Ying 1984; Chen 1994; Lu et al. 2018; Li 2019; Ma et al. 2003; Latus et al. 2013).

      Table 2.  Effects of infections with hantavirus species in pregnant women on their fetuses.

    • Case Age (year) Gestation (week) Delivery Motder's outcome Fetal outcome Deformity (yes/no)
      Kim and Choi (2006) 27 15 VD Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      Kim et al. (1978) 27 28 – Recovered after hemodialysis Died No
      Chun et al. (1992) 26 18 CS Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      25 19 VD Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      Lee (1989) 28 29 VD Recovered without sequelae Died 11 h after birth No
      Kim et al. (1997) 29 27 CS Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      Park et al. (1998) 27 29 VD Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      Choi et al. (2000) 29 30 CS (Mechanical Ventilation) Recovered after emergency CS Fetal growth restriction with respiratory distress No
      Liu et al. (2017) 24 39 CS Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      Todorovic et al. (2010) 23 23 VD Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      29 26 VD Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      Zheng (1985) 26 32 – Died – –
      Chen (2008) 30 34 VD Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      Xie (1994) 34 28 – Died of uremia – –
      25 20 – Recovered without sequelae Died No
      Hao (1997) 30 29 – Died Died –
      Ying (1984) 20 36 VD Recovered without sequelae Died –
      Gao (2013) 22 32 Unknown Recovered without sequelae Unknown Unknown
      Hofmann et al. (2012) 38 14 VD Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      23 28 VD Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      40 22 VD Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      33 28 CS Recovered without sequelae Premature birth No
      Georges et al. (2008) 29 6 Unknown Recovered without sequelae Unknown Unknown
      Partanen et al. (1990) 29 17 VD Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      Prebensen (1997) 28 10 VD Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      Howard et al. (1999) 25 29 VD Recovered without sequelae Died No
      34 13 – Died Died No
      20 20 VD Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      27 17 VD Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      28 16 Unknown Recovered without sequelae Died No
      Latus et al. (2015) 36 23 Unknown Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      Ma et al. (2003) 29 – VD Recovered without sequelae Died No
      Ji et al. (2017) 24 22 VD Recovered without sequelae Died No
      22 23 CS Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      28 13 VD Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      34 21 – Recovered without sequelae Terminated of pregnancy No
      Wang (2014) 26 24 Unknown Recovered without sequelae Died No
      26 27 Unknown Recovered without sequelae Premature birth and died No
      31 7 Unknown Died Died No
      24 21 Unknown Recovered without sequelae Unknown No
      21 32 Unknown Recovered without sequelae Premature and suffered from congenital heart disease and necrotizing enteritis No
      27 31 Unknown Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      Mace et al. (2013) Mid-20s 26 CS Recovered without sequelae Premature birth and respiratory distress No
      Cui (2005) 28 32 Unknown Recovered without sequelae Unknown Unknown
      Dai (2004) 29 32 Unknown Recovered without sequelae Unknown Unknown
      Liu et al. (2013) 28 36 CS Recovered without sequelae Survived and healthy No
      Li (2019) 28 36 Unknown Recovered without sequelae Unknown Unknown
      Schneider et al. (2009) 25 36 CS Recovered without sequelae Survived but respiratory distress No
      Gilson et al. (1994) 25 29 VD Recovered without sequelae Survived but pulmonary hemorrhage No
      20 20 Unknown Recovered without sequelae Unknown Unknown
      Murthy et al. (2016) 30 Unknown VD Died Unknown Unknown
      Nowakowska et al. (2009) 32 10 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
      Sequelae: It refers to the remaining symptoms in pregnant women infected with hantavirus after their condition improves, which are mentioned in Tables 1 and 2.
      CS cesarean section, VD vaginal delivery.

      Table 3.  Effects of the age and gestation period on pregnant women with hantavrirus infection.