Figure 2个  Table 2个
    • Species Ficolin Tissues of origin Tissues of presentation Sugar specificity Gene localization Complement activation
      Human L-ficolin(ficolin-2) Liver Serum GlcNAc/ManNAc>>GalNAc/CysNAc/GlyNAc, acetylcholine, elastin, corticosteroids, 1, 3-b-D-glucan, LTA 9q34 Yes
      H-ficolin(ficolin-3) Liver, type Ⅱ alveolar cells Serum, bronchus, alveolus, bile GlcNAc, GalNAc, fucose, glucose, PSA 1p36.11 Yes
      M-ficolin (ficolin-1) Monocytes Monocyte surface, serum GlcNAc-BSA, GalNAc-BSA, SiaLacNAc-BSA 9q34 Yes
      Mouse Ficolin-A Liver and spleen Serum GlcNAc, GalNAc 2A3 Yes
      Ficolin-B BM and spleen Peritoneal macrophages GlcNAc, GalNAc, SiaLacNAc, fetuin 2A3 No

      Table 1.  Expression, sugar specificity, and target pathogens of ficolins in human and mouse

    • Roles of ficolins during viral and bacterial infection References
      Viral infection
      Ficolins and HCV L-ficolin binds to viral N-glycans, and triggers complement lectin pathway activation; L-ficolin serum concentrations were positively correlated with ALT and HCV RNA levels after therapy in vivo (Hu Y L, et al., 2013; Liu J, et al., 2009)
      Ficolins and HBV Higher serum L-ficolin levels were observed in patients with acute HBV compared with patients with HCC or healthy donors (Hoang T V, et al., 2011)
      Ficolins and IAV and other viruses L-and H-ficolins bind to HA and NA glycoproteins and different subtypes of influenza A virus, and inhibit virus infection both in vitro and in vivo (Chang W C, et al., 2011; Michelow I C, et al., 2010; Pan Q, et al., 2012; Verma A, et al., 2012)
      Bacterial infection
      Ficolins and MTB L-ficolin binds to the surface glycolipid portion of H37Rv, and blocks H37Rv infection (Luo F, et al., 2013)
      Ficolins and Gram-negative bacteria L-, M-, and H-ficolins bind to Gram-negative bacteria, such as the rough type of Salmonella typhimurium TV119, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa via the FBG domain, and serve as opsonins, increasing phagocytosis (Akaiwa M, et al., 1999; Frederiksen P D, et al., 2005; Kilpatrick D C, et al., 2009; Liu Y, et al., 2005; Matsushita M, et al., 2001; Taira S, et al., 2000)
      Ficolins and Gram-positive bacteria Both L-ficolin and M-ficolin bind to Gram-positive bacteria, such as streptococci (GBS) and Staphylococcus aureus, and lead to activation of the lectin pathway. H-ficolin binds to the Gram-positive bacterium Aerococcus viridans (Aoyagi Y, et al., 2005; Kjaer T R, et al., 2011; Lynch N J, et al., 2004; Tsujimura M, et al., 2001)
        FBG, fibrinogen-like; HA, hemagglutinin; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; GBS, group B streptococci; IAV, influenza A virus; MTB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; NA, neuraminidase.

      Table 2.  Ficolins and infectious diseases