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Volume 41 Issue 3
June 2026
    Citation: Rui Geng, Hanqin Shen, Duan Li, Shengjin Liu, Siying Zeng, Feng Chen, Hao Zhang, Yongchang Cao. A ferritin nanoparticle-displayed spike protein-based ELISA for serological surveillance and immune evaluation of porcine deltacoronavirus .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 41(3) : 720-723.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2026.06.009
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    A ferritin nanoparticle-displayed spike protein-based ELISA for serological surveillance and immune evaluation of porcine deltacoronavirus

    • a. School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;

    • b. School of Food & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China;

    • c. College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;

    • d. Guangdong Biaoyun Biotechnology Co., Yunfu 527400, China;

    • e. Guangdong Provincial Enterprise Key Laboratory of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environment Control, Wen's Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd, Yunfu 527400, China

    • Corresponding author: Yongchang Cao, caoych@mail.sysu.edu.cn
    • Received Date: 03 April 2026
      Accepted Date: 08 June 2026
      Available online: 13 June 2026
    • Highlights
      1 A novel iELISA utilizing ferritin-nanoparticle-displayed PDCoV S protein was established.
      2 Excellent diagnostic performance with high sensitivity, specificity, and correlation with NAb titers.
      3 Revealed widespread PDCoV circulation (48.64%) in the surveyed provinces of China, supporting field epidemiological studies.
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      1. Aydin, S., Emre, E., Ugur, K., Aydin, M.A., Sahin, I., Cinar, V., Akbulut, T. 2025. An overview of elisa: a review and update on best laboratory practices for quantifying peptides and proteins in biological fluids. J Int Med Res 53, 635590455.

      2. Chen, R., Fu, J., Hu, J., Li, C., Zhao, Y., Qu, H., Wen, X., Cao, S., Wen, Y., Wu, R., Zhao, Q., Yan, Q., Huang, Y., Ma, X., Han, X., Huang, X., 2020. Identification of the immunodominant neutralizing regions in the spike glycoprotein of porcine deltacoronavirus. Virus Res 276, 197834.

      3. Ding, H., Du, S., Wang, J., Zhong, J., Zhang, J., Li, L., Zhang, X., Zou, H., Yang, N. 2026. Ferritin nanoparticle-based indirect ELISA for immunodominant region screening and B-cell epitope validation of African swine fever virus Int. J. Biol. Macromol 353,151261.

      4. Gruell, H., Vanshylla, K., Weber, T., Barnes, C. O., Kreer, C., Klein, F. 2022. Antibody-mediated neutralization of SARS-CoV-2. Immunity, 55, 925944.

      5. Hu, G., Huang, Y., Chen, Z., Geng, R., Zhao, Z., Peng, O., Zou, C., Shen, H., Cao, Y., Zhang, H. 2024. Genomic characterization and tissue tropism variations of two porcine delta coronavirus strains isolated in china. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 14, 1507277.

      6. Jung, K., Hu, H., Saif, L. J. 2016. Porcine deltacoronavirus infection: etiology, cell culture for virus isolation and propagation, molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis. Virus Res 226, 50-59.

      7. Li, J., Zhao, S., Zhang, B., Huang, J., Peng, Q., Xiao, L., Yuan, X., Guo, R., Zhou, J., Fan, B., Xue, T., Zhu, X., Liu, C., Zhu, X., Ren, L., Li, B. 2023. A novel recombinant s-based subunit vaccine induces protective immunity against porcine deltacoronavirus challenge in piglets. J Virol 97:e95823.

      8. Ma, G., Hu, G., Ren, G., Ma, W., Zhang, S., Shen, H., Liu, Y., Li, B. 2025. Development of an indirect elisa based on the pedv s protein and evaluation of its correlation with neutralizing antibody and immune protection. Transbound Emerg Dis 2025, 6185969.

      9. Oh, J. S., Song, D. S., Yang, J. S., Song, J. Y., Moon, H. J., Kim, T. Y., Park, B. K. 2005. Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with serum neutralization test for serodiagnosis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. J Vet Sci 6, 349352.

      10. Paudel, S., Park, J. E., Jang, H., Shin, H. J. 2014. Comparison of serum neutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on sera from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus vaccinated pigs. Vet Q 34, 218223.

      11. Tang, P., Cui, E., Song, Y., Yan, R., Wang, J. 2021.Porcine deltacoronavirus and its prevalence in china: a review of epidemiology, evolution, and vaccine development. Arch Virol 166, 9752988.

      12. Wu, Q., Zhu, B., Yang, K., Lei, X., Li, C., Liu, W., Zhou, D. 2026. Epidemiological evolution and molecular characterization of porcine enteric viruses in china from 2022-2025. Animal Diseases 6, 9.

      13. Yao, X., Lu, W. H., Qiao, W. T., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhang, B. Y., Li, H. X., Li, J. L. 2025. The highly pathogenic strain of porcine deltacoronavirus disrupts the intestinal barrier and causes diarrhea in newborn piglets. Virulence 16, 2446742.

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      A ferritin nanoparticle-displayed spike protein-based ELISA for serological surveillance and immune evaluation of porcine deltacoronavirus

        Corresponding author: Yongchang Cao, caoych@mail.sysu.edu.cn
      • a. School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
      • b. School of Food & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China;
      • c. College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
      • d. Guangdong Biaoyun Biotechnology Co., Yunfu 527400, China;
      • e. Guangdong Provincial Enterprise Key Laboratory of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environment Control, Wen's Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd, Yunfu 527400, China
      • Received Date: 03 April 2026
      • Accepted Date: 08 June 2026

      Abstract: Highlights
      1 A novel iELISA utilizing ferritin-nanoparticle-displayed PDCoV S protein was established.
      2 Excellent diagnostic performance with high sensitivity, specificity, and correlation with NAb titers.
      3 Revealed widespread PDCoV circulation (48.64%) in the surveyed provinces of China, supporting field epidemiological studies.

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