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Volume 29 Issue 6
December 2014
    Citation: Osamah Barasheed, Harunor Rashid, Mohammad Alfelali, Mohamed Tashani, Mohammad Azeem, Hamid Bokhary, Nadeen Kalantan, Jamil Samkari, Leon Heron, Jen Kok, Janette Taylor, Haitham El Bashir, Ziad A. Memish, Elizabeth Haworth, Edward C. Holmes, Dominic E Dwyer, Atif Asghar, Robert Booy, on behalf of the Hajj Research Team. Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013 .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2014, 29(6) : 364-371.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12250-014-3507-x
    shu

    Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013

    cstr: 32224.14.s12250-014-3507-x
    • 1.

      National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia

    • 2.

      Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia

    • 3.

      The Custodian of the two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

    • 4.

      King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    • 5.

      Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia

    • 6.

      Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar

    • 7.

      Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    • 8.

      Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

    • 9.

      Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia

    • 10.

      Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia

    • Corresponding author: Osamah Barasheed, osamah.barasheed@health.nsw.gov.au
    • Received Date: 26 September 2014
      Accepted Date: 03 November 2014
      Published Date: 14 November 2014
      Available online: 01 December 2014
    • Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has emerged in the Arabian Gulf region, with its epicentre in Saudi Arabia, the host of the ‘Hajj’ which is the world's the largest mass gathering. Transmission of MERS-CoV at such an event could lead to its rapid worldwide dissemination. Therefore, we studied the frequency of viruses causing influenza-like illnesses (ILI) among participants in a randomised controlled trial at the Hajj 2013. We recruited 1038 pilgrims from Saudi Arabia, Australia and Qatar during the fi rst day of Hajj and followed them closely for four days. A nasal swab was collected from each pilgrim who developed ILI. Respiratory viruses were detected using multiplex RT-PCR. ILI occurred in 112/1038 (11%) pilgrims. Their mean age was 35 years, 49 (44%) were male and 35 (31%) had received the influenza vaccine pre-Hajj. Forty two (38%) pilgrims had laboratory-confi rmed viral infections; 28 (25%) rhinovirus, 5 (4%) influenza A, 2 (2%) adenovirus, 2 (2%) human coronavirus OC43/229E, 2 (2%) parainfluenza virus 3, 1 (1%) parainfluenza virus 1, and 2 (2%) dual infections. No MERS-CoV was detected in any sample. Rhinovirus was the commonest cause of ILI among Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Infection control and appropriate vaccination are necessary to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses at Hajj and other mass gatherings.
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      Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013

        Corresponding author: Osamah Barasheed, osamah.barasheed@health.nsw.gov.au
      • 1. National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia
      • 2. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
      • 3. The Custodian of the two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
      • 4. King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
      • 5. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia
      • 6. Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
      • 7. Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
      • 8. Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
      • 9. Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
      • 10. Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
      • Received Date: 26 September 2014
      • Accepted Date: 03 November 2014
      • Published Date: 14 November 2014

      Abstract: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has emerged in the Arabian Gulf region, with its epicentre in Saudi Arabia, the host of the ‘Hajj’ which is the world's the largest mass gathering. Transmission of MERS-CoV at such an event could lead to its rapid worldwide dissemination. Therefore, we studied the frequency of viruses causing influenza-like illnesses (ILI) among participants in a randomised controlled trial at the Hajj 2013. We recruited 1038 pilgrims from Saudi Arabia, Australia and Qatar during the fi rst day of Hajj and followed them closely for four days. A nasal swab was collected from each pilgrim who developed ILI. Respiratory viruses were detected using multiplex RT-PCR. ILI occurred in 112/1038 (11%) pilgrims. Their mean age was 35 years, 49 (44%) were male and 35 (31%) had received the influenza vaccine pre-Hajj. Forty two (38%) pilgrims had laboratory-confi rmed viral infections; 28 (25%) rhinovirus, 5 (4%) influenza A, 2 (2%) adenovirus, 2 (2%) human coronavirus OC43/229E, 2 (2%) parainfluenza virus 3, 1 (1%) parainfluenza virus 1, and 2 (2%) dual infections. No MERS-CoV was detected in any sample. Rhinovirus was the commonest cause of ILI among Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Infection control and appropriate vaccination are necessary to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses at Hajj and other mass gatherings.

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