Y-box-binding protein 1 stabilizes the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 to promote viral replication

Jianwei Zhou; Qianqian Zhang; Xue Dong; Wei Gao; Xiaoyuan Lan; Beiyi Zhou; Yonghui Qiu; Weiyin Xu; Peng Hui; Penghui Zeng; Dedong Wang; Lei Hou; Jue Liu

doi:10.1016/j.virs.2026.08.008

August 2026

Citation: Jianwei Zhou, Qianqian Zhang, Xue Dong, Wei Gao, Xiaoyuan Lan, Beiyi Zhou, Yonghui Qiu, Weiyin Xu, Peng Hui, Penghui Zeng, Dedong Wang, Lei Hou, Jue Liu. Y-box-binding protein 1 stabilizes the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 to promote viral replication .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 41(4) : 868-881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2026.08.008

Y-box-binding protein 1 stabilizes the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 to promote viral replication

Jianwei Zhou ^{a,b,c,d
,,} ,
Qianqian Zhang ^a,b,c,d ,
Xue Dong ^a,b,c,d ,
Wei Gao ^a,b,c,d ,
Xiaoyuan Lan ^a,b,c,d ,
Beiyi Zhou ^a,b,c,d ,
Yonghui Qiu ^a,b,c,d ,
Weiyin Xu ^a,b,c,d ,
Peng Hui ^a,b,c,d ,
Penghui Zeng ^a,b,c,d ,
Dedong Wang ^a,b,c,d ,
Lei Hou ^a,b,c,d ,
Jue Liu ^{a,b,c,d
,,}

a. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
b. Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
c. Jiangsu Interdisciplinary Center for Zoonoses and Biosafety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
d. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Corresponding author: Jianwei Zhou, jwzhou@yzu.edu.cn
Jue Liu, liujue@yzu.edu.cn
Received Date: 07 February 2026
Accepted Date: 10 August 2026
Available online: 12 August 2026

Abstract

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), a major causative agent of PCV2-associated diseases, poses a serious threat to the global swine industry. The stability of PCV2 capsid (Cap) protein is critical for viral replication; however, the underlying mechanisms regulating Cap stability during PCV2 infection remain poorly understood. In this study, co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to demonstrate that PCV2 Cap protein can maintain its own stability by binding to the cellular Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1) during viral infection. Furthermore, binding domain mapping experiments revealed two specific regions essential for this interaction: the N-terminal arginine-rich motif (ARM) of PCV2 Cap (amino acid sequence: ¹MTYPRRRYRRRRHRPRSHLG²⁰) and the amino acid residues ¹⁸⁹RRRR¹⁹² within the C-terminal domain (CTD) of YBX1. Virus rescue experiments further confirmed that substituting all arginine residues with alanine in the N-terminal ARM of Cap completely abolished its binding to YBX1. Analysis of viral replication capacity showed that YBX1 promotes PCV2 replication by stabilizing the viral Cap protein. Additionally, knockdown of YBX1 significantly reduced the protein levels of PCV2 Cap, and this effect was reversed either by treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 or by restoring YBX1 expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that YBX1 promotes PCV2 replication by directly interacting with the ARM of PCV2 Cap, thereby inhibiting the proteasomal degradation of Cap during viral infection.
- Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)
- , Capsid protein (Cap)
- , YBX1
- , Protein degradation
- , Viral replication

Electronic Supplementary Material

10.1016j.virs.2026.08.008-ESM.docx
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