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Volume 24 Issue 4
August 2009
    Citation: Madoka Nakai. Biological Control of Tortricidae in Tea Fields in Japan Using Insect Viruses and Parasitoids .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2009, 24(4) : 323-332.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12250-009-3057-9
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    Biological Control of Tortricidae in Tea Fields in Japan Using Insect Viruses and Parasitoids

    cstr: 32224.14.s12250-009-3057-9

    • Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan

    • Corresponding author: Madoka Nakai, madoka@cc.tuat.ac.jp
    • Received Date: 31 January 2009
      Accepted Date: 19 May 2009
      Available online: 01 August 2009

      Fund Project: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) 18380038

    • Tea is a perennial and evergreen plant. Cultivated tea trees provide a habitat for insect pests and their natural enemies. In Japan, granuloviruses (GVs) have successfully controlled two of the most important pests of tea, Adoxophyes honmai and Homona magnanima (Tortricidae: Lepidoptera). The GVs are produced in vivo and a single application sustains pesticidal efficacy throughout a year, which encompasses 4 to 5 discrete generations of both species. A. honmai and H. magnanima also have various natural enemies, especially hymenopteran parasitoids. Such resident natural enemies also play a role in reducing the pest density in virus-controlled fields, but the effect of virus infection on parasitoids sharing the same host larva has not been well studied. Survival of one of the major parasitoids of A. honmai, Ascogaster reticulata (Braconidae: Hymenoptera), is reduced by virus infection of the host. Viruses, including GV and entomopoxvirus (EPV), and certain koinobiont endoparasitoids, including A. reticulata, are both known to regulate host endocrinology. However, the GV and EPV have distinct host regulation mechanisms, and consequently have different impacts on the survival of A. retuculata, when A. reticulata parasitizes a host that is infected with either GV or EPV. These additional effects on host regulation displayed by both viruses and parasitoids affect the outcome of virus-parasitoid interactions.
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      Biological Control of Tortricidae in Tea Fields in Japan Using Insect Viruses and Parasitoids

        Corresponding author: Madoka Nakai, madoka@cc.tuat.ac.jp
      • Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
      • Received Date: 31 January 2009
      • Accepted Date: 19 May 2009
      Fund Project:  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) 18380038

      Abstract: Tea is a perennial and evergreen plant. Cultivated tea trees provide a habitat for insect pests and their natural enemies. In Japan, granuloviruses (GVs) have successfully controlled two of the most important pests of tea, Adoxophyes honmai and Homona magnanima (Tortricidae: Lepidoptera). The GVs are produced in vivo and a single application sustains pesticidal efficacy throughout a year, which encompasses 4 to 5 discrete generations of both species. A. honmai and H. magnanima also have various natural enemies, especially hymenopteran parasitoids. Such resident natural enemies also play a role in reducing the pest density in virus-controlled fields, but the effect of virus infection on parasitoids sharing the same host larva has not been well studied. Survival of one of the major parasitoids of A. honmai, Ascogaster reticulata (Braconidae: Hymenoptera), is reduced by virus infection of the host. Viruses, including GV and entomopoxvirus (EPV), and certain koinobiont endoparasitoids, including A. reticulata, are both known to regulate host endocrinology. However, the GV and EPV have distinct host regulation mechanisms, and consequently have different impacts on the survival of A. retuculata, when A. reticulata parasitizes a host that is infected with either GV or EPV. These additional effects on host regulation displayed by both viruses and parasitoids affect the outcome of virus-parasitoid interactions.

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