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Volume 41 Issue 2
April 2026
    Citation: Min Chen, Huichao Chen, Yanling Ma, Manhong Jia, Wenfei Ding. Identification of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF161_0107) from CRF01_AE-C5 lineage among men who have sex with men in southwestern China .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 41(2) : 470-473.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2026.03.008
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    Identification of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF161_0107) from CRF01_AE-C5 lineage among men who have sex with men in southwestern China

    • a. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety & Health Laboratory Center, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Yunnan Academy of Preventive Medicine), Kunming 650500, China;

    • b. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety & Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Yunnan Academy of Preventive Medicine), Kunming 650500, China;

    • c. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Yunnan Academy of Preventive Medicine), Kunming 650500, China

    • Highlights
      1       Identification of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF161_0107) in Chinese men who have sex with men.
      2 CRF161_0107 emerged around 2016, exhibiting unique CRF01_AE-C5 and CRF07_BC-N parental lineages.
      3 This is the first report of a CRF derived from CRF01_AE-C5 in southwestern China, suggesting viral migration.
      4 The finding underscores the ongoing evolution of HIV-1 via recombination in key populations such as MSM.
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      1. Burke, D. S. 1997. Recombination in HIV: an important viral evolutionary strategy. Emerg Infect Dis, 3, 253-259.

      2. Chen, M., Ma, Y., Chen, H., Dai, J., Luo, H., Yang, C., Dong, L., Jin, X., Yang, M., Yang, L., Song, L., Song, Z. & Jia, M. 2019. Spatial clusters of HIV-1 genotypes in a recently infected population in Yunnan, China. BMC Infect Dis, 19, 669.

      3. Cheng, Z., Yan, H., Li, Q., Ablan, S. D., Kleinpeter, A., Freed, E. O., Wu, H., Dzakah, E. E., Zhao, J., Han, Z., Wang, H. & Tang, S. 2022. Enhanced Transmissibility and Decreased Virulence of HIV-1 CRF07_BC May Explain Its Rapid Expansion in China. Microbiol Spectr, 10, e0014622.

      4. Jia, M., Luo, H., Ma, Y., Wang, N., Smith, K., Mei, J., Lu, R., Lu, J., Fu, L., Zhang, Q., Wu, Z. & Lu, L. 2010. The HIV epidemic in Yunnan Province, China, 1989-2007. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 53 Suppl 1, S34-40.

      5. Li, Q. H., Zhang, Y. Q., Li, E. L., Lu, R. R., Chen, X. H., Wang, F. X. & Wang, J. Y. 2025. Characterization of a new HIV-1 second-generation circulating recombinant form (CRF135_0107) and its next-generation recombinant in China. J Infect, 90, 106382.

      6. Li, X., Liu, H., Liu, L., Feng, Y., Kalish, M. L., Ho, S. Y. W. & Shao, Y. 2017. Tracing the epidemic history of HIV-1 CRF01_AE clusters using near-complete genome sequences. Sci Rep, 7, 4024.

      7. Li, X., Xue, Y., Zhou, L., Lin, Y., Yu, X., Wang, X., Zhen, X., Zhang, W., Ning, Z., Yue, Q., Fu, J., Shen, F., Gai, J., Xu, Y., Mao, J., Gao, X., Shen, X., Kang, L., Vanham, G., Cheng, H., Wang, Y., Zhuang, M., Zhuang, X., Pan, Q. & Zhong, P. 2014. Evidence that HIV-1 CRF01_AE is associated with low CD4+T cell count and CXCR4 co-receptor usage in recently infected young men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shanghai, China. PLoS One, 9, e89462.

      8. Liu, X., Wang, D., Hu, J., Song, C., Liao, L., Feng, Y., Li, D., Xing, H. & Ruan, Y. 2023. Changes in HIV-1 Subtypes/Sub-Subtypes, and Transmitted Drug Resistance Among ART-Naive HIV-Infected Individuals - China, 2004-2022. China CDC Wkly, 5, 664-671.

      9. Lu, L., Jia, M., Ma, Y., Yang, L., Chen, Z., Ho, D. D., Jiang, Y. & Zhang, L. 2008. The changing face of HIV in China. Nature, 455, 609-611.

      10. Nora, T., Charpentier, C., Tenaillon, O., Hoede, C., Clavel, F. & Hance, A. J. 2007. Contribution of recombination to the evolution of human immunodeficiency viruses expressing resistance to antiretroviral treatment. J Virol, 81, 7620-7628.

      11. Wang, D., Feng, Y., Ruan, Y., Liao, L., Hao, J., Song, C., Hu, J., Shao, Y. & Xing, H. 2024. Criteria for classification, nomenclature, and reference sequence selection for HIV sub-subtypes of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC strains in China. AIDS, 38, 427-430.

      12. Xiao, M., Tang, J., Li, J., Lan, Y., Li, X., Li, L., Huang, H., He, S., Lu, H., He, X., Liu, A. & Xin, R. 2025. A novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF168_0107) identified from men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. J Infect, 90, 106368.

      13. Xing, W., An, M., Zhao, B., Wang, L., Zhang, H., Hu, Q., Ding, H., Shang, H. & Han, X. 2024. Identification of a novel CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC (CRF163_0107) circulating recombinant form in Shenyang city, the economic center of Northeast China. J Infect, 89, 106320.

      14. Yang, H., Jin, X., Chen, H., Dong, L., Dai, J., Yang, M., Yang, C., Han, Y., Shi, Y., Ma, Y., Jia, M. & Chen, M. 2025. Tracking HIV-1 Genetic Epidemiological Characteristics Among Recent Infections in Yunnan, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 41, 389-399.

      15. Zhang, Y. Q., Li, Q. H., Li, E. L., Wang, Y. R., Tang, Z. Y., Gao, X., Lu, R. R., Liu, S. Y., Chen, X. H., Wang, F. X. & Wang, J. Y. 2023. Identification of a novel HIV-1 second-generation circulating recombinant form (CRF136_0107) among men who have sex with men in China. AIDS.

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      Identification of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF161_0107) from CRF01_AE-C5 lineage among men who have sex with men in southwestern China

        Corresponding author: Min Chen, chenminyx@hotmail.com
        Corresponding author: Manhong Jia, jiamanhong@hotmail.com
        Corresponding author: Wenfei Ding, yndwf@163.com
      • a. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety & Health Laboratory Center, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Yunnan Academy of Preventive Medicine), Kunming 650500, China;
      • b. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety & Institute for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Yunnan Academy of Preventive Medicine), Kunming 650500, China;
      • c. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Yunnan Academy of Preventive Medicine), Kunming 650500, China
      • Received Date: 16 September 2025
      • Accepted Date: 18 March 2026

      Abstract: Highlights
      1       Identification of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF161_0107) in Chinese men who have sex with men.
      2 CRF161_0107 emerged around 2016, exhibiting unique CRF01_AE-C5 and CRF07_BC-N parental lineages.
      3 This is the first report of a CRF derived from CRF01_AE-C5 in southwestern China, suggesting viral migration.
      4 The finding underscores the ongoing evolution of HIV-1 via recombination in key populations such as MSM.

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