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Volume 29 Issue 1
February 2014
    Citation: Jara J. Joedicke, Kirsten K. Dietze, Gennadiy Zelinskyy, Ulf Dittmer. The phenotype and activation status of regulatory T cells during Friend retrovirus infection .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2014, 29(1) : 48-60.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12250-014-3396-z
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    The phenotype and activation status of regulatory T cells during Friend retrovirus infection

    • Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany

    • Corresponding author: Ulf Dittmer, ulf.dittmer@uni-due.de
    • Received Date: 18 October 2013
      Accepted Date: 03 January 2014
      Published Date: 20 January 2014
      Available online: 01 February 2014
    • The suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been extensively studied and is well established for many diseases. The expansion, accumulation, and activation of Tregs in viral infections are of major interest in order to find ways to alter Treg functions for therapeutic benefit. Tregs are able to dampen effector T cell responses to viral infections and thereby contribute to the establishment of a chronic infection. In the Friend retrovirus (FV) mouse model, Tregs are known to expand in all infected organs. To better understand the characteristics of these Treg populations, their phenotype was analyzed in detail. During acute FV-infection, Tregs became activated in the spleen and bone marrow, as indicated by various T cell activation markers, such as CD43 and CD103. Interestingly, Tregs in the bone marrow, which contains the highest viral loads during acute infection, displayed greater levels of activation than Tregs from the spleen. Treg expansion was driven by proliferation but no FV-specific Tregs could be detected. Activated Tregs in FV-infection did not produce Granzyme B (GzmB) or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), which are thought to be a potential mechanism for their suppressive activity. Furthermore, Tregs expressed inhibitory markers, such as TIM3, PD-1 and PD-L1. Blocking TIM3 and PD-L1 with antibodies during chronic FV-infection increased the numbers of activated Tregs. These data may have important implications for the understanding of Treg functions during chronic viral infections.
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      The phenotype and activation status of regulatory T cells during Friend retrovirus infection

        Corresponding author: Ulf Dittmer, ulf.dittmer@uni-due.de
      • Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
      • Received Date: 18 October 2013
      • Accepted Date: 03 January 2014
      • Published Date: 20 January 2014

      Abstract: The suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been extensively studied and is well established for many diseases. The expansion, accumulation, and activation of Tregs in viral infections are of major interest in order to find ways to alter Treg functions for therapeutic benefit. Tregs are able to dampen effector T cell responses to viral infections and thereby contribute to the establishment of a chronic infection. In the Friend retrovirus (FV) mouse model, Tregs are known to expand in all infected organs. To better understand the characteristics of these Treg populations, their phenotype was analyzed in detail. During acute FV-infection, Tregs became activated in the spleen and bone marrow, as indicated by various T cell activation markers, such as CD43 and CD103. Interestingly, Tregs in the bone marrow, which contains the highest viral loads during acute infection, displayed greater levels of activation than Tregs from the spleen. Treg expansion was driven by proliferation but no FV-specific Tregs could be detected. Activated Tregs in FV-infection did not produce Granzyme B (GzmB) or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), which are thought to be a potential mechanism for their suppressive activity. Furthermore, Tregs expressed inhibitory markers, such as TIM3, PD-1 and PD-L1. Blocking TIM3 and PD-L1 with antibodies during chronic FV-infection increased the numbers of activated Tregs. These data may have important implications for the understanding of Treg functions during chronic viral infections.

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