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Volume 23 Issue 1
February 2008

    Huan DENG, Zun-chun ZHOU, Nian-bin WANG and Chang LIU. The Syndrome of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) Infected by Virus and Bacteria[J]. Virologica Sinica, 2008, 23(1): 63-67. doi: 10.1007/s12250-008-2863-9
    Citation: Huan DENG, Zun-chun ZHOU, Nian-bin WANG, Chang LIU. The Syndrome of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) Infected by Virus and Bacteria .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2008, 23(1) : 63-67.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12250-008-2863-9
    shu

    室内养殖刺参的病毒和细菌感染引发的综合症的研究

    cstr: 32224.14.s12250-008-2863-9
    • 1.

      辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院，辽宁省海洋环境监测总站，辽宁省应用海洋生物开放实验室，辽宁大连 116023;2.中国医科大学89期七年制6班，辽宁沈阳 110001

    • 通讯作者： 周遵春, denghuan6@msn.com; 
    • 收稿日期： 2007-02-27
      录用日期： 2007-07-18
    • 2004年12月~2005年4月，大连市附近的室内养殖刺参发生以排脏和体壁溃烂为主要症状的疾病，伴有严重的死亡。超薄切片观察，发现患病的和将死的刺参的水管系统及消化道等处细胞的胞质中有球状病毒颗粒，直径为75~200 nm。负染法检测结果表明，凡患病的海参体内皆含此种病毒粒子，而非发病区的海参体内未检出病毒粒子。另从病海参组织中分离出2株细菌。人工感染试验结果表明，单独的病毒浸染或病毒和2株细菌混合浸染，皆可使受试海参产生与自然症状相似的病变，引起90%~100%的死亡。单独的细菌浸染，受试海参的发病率约30％~80%，死亡率约20%。经负染检测，各受试组动物中，只有暴露于含病毒介质的动物体内检出病毒粒子。组织病理观察结果是，水管系统的肌肉和上皮细胞、呼吸树、消化道的结缔组织和上皮细胞等出现核固缩、内质网和线粒体解体等现象。

    The Syndrome of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) Infected by Virus and Bacteria

    • 1.

      Liaoning Marine and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Open Lab of Applied Marine Biology, Dalian 116023, China

    • 2.

      89K seven-year system 6 Class, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China

    • Corresponding author: Huan DENG, denghuan6@msn.com
    • Received Date: 27 February 2007
      Accepted Date: 18 July 2007
    • A outbreak of disease with symptoms of evisceration and skin ulteration led to mass mortality in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultivated in indoor ponds near the Dalian coast from December 2004 to April 2005. Spherical virus particles with a diameter of 75-200 nm were found in the cytoplasm of cells in the water-system, the alimentary canal and in the respiratory trees of the diseased and dying sea cucumber individuals by electron microscopic observation of ultrathin sections. Examination by negative stained samples revealed that all the diseased sea cucumbers were infected by the virus, while the healthly ones cultivated outside the contagious area were not. Two bacterial strains were also isolated from the diseased animals. When exposed to a medium containing the virus particles, regardless of whether the bacterial suspension was added, healthy sea cucumbers exhibited identical disease symptoms as the ones in the indoor ponds, and had a mortality of 90%-100%. However, when exposed to a medium in which there was only one of the two bacterial strains, 30%-80% of the sea cucumbers were infected and nearly 20% died. Negative staining showed that the viral particles were detected only in the bodies of the tested animals that were exposed to the viral medium. Histopathologically, the diseased sea cucumbers are characterized by karyopycnosis, and disintegration of the endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria in the epithelial cells in the water-system, the respiratory tree and the alimentary canal.
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      1. Becker P, Gillan D, Lanterbecq D, et al. 2004. The skin ulceration disease in cultivated juveniles of Holothuria scabra (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata). Aquaculture, 242: 13-30.
          doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.018

      2. Jangoux M. 1990. Diseases of echinodermata. In: Diseases of Marine Animals (Kinne O. ed). Vol. 3. Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Hamburg, Germany, p. 439-567.

      3. Li X, Wang B, Liu S F. 1998. Studies on pathogen and histopathology of "crack shell disease" of Haliotis discus hanni. Journal of Fisheries of China, 22 (1): 61-66.(in Chinese)

      4. Li X, Wang B, Liu S F, et al. 2000. The infection to a few kinds of shellfish inshore by a kind of virus. J Dalian Fish Univ, 15 (2): 86-91. (in Chinese)

      5. Wang C M, Wang X H, Song X L, et al. 2002. Purification and ultrastructure of a spherical virus in cultured scallop Chlamys farreri. J Fish China, 26 (2): 180-184. (in Chinese)

      6. Wang P H, Chang Y Q, Xu G R, et al. 2005. Isolation and ultrastructure of an enveloped virus in cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). J Fishery Sci China, 12 (6): 766-771. (in Chinese)

      7. Wang Y G, Rong X J, Zhang C Y, et al. 2005. Main diseases of cultured Apostichopus japonicus: prevention and treatment. Marine Sci, 29 (5): 1-7. (in Chinese).

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      The Syndrome of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) Infected by Virus and Bacteria

        Corresponding author: Huan DENG, denghuan6@msn.com
      • 1. Liaoning Marine and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Open Lab of Applied Marine Biology, Dalian 116023, China
      • 2. 89K seven-year system 6 Class, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
      • Received Date: 27 February 2007
      • Accepted Date: 18 July 2007

      Abstract: A outbreak of disease with symptoms of evisceration and skin ulteration led to mass mortality in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultivated in indoor ponds near the Dalian coast from December 2004 to April 2005. Spherical virus particles with a diameter of 75-200 nm were found in the cytoplasm of cells in the water-system, the alimentary canal and in the respiratory trees of the diseased and dying sea cucumber individuals by electron microscopic observation of ultrathin sections. Examination by negative stained samples revealed that all the diseased sea cucumbers were infected by the virus, while the healthly ones cultivated outside the contagious area were not. Two bacterial strains were also isolated from the diseased animals. When exposed to a medium containing the virus particles, regardless of whether the bacterial suspension was added, healthy sea cucumbers exhibited identical disease symptoms as the ones in the indoor ponds, and had a mortality of 90%-100%. However, when exposed to a medium in which there was only one of the two bacterial strains, 30%-80% of the sea cucumbers were infected and nearly 20% died. Negative staining showed that the viral particles were detected only in the bodies of the tested animals that were exposed to the viral medium. Histopathologically, the diseased sea cucumbers are characterized by karyopycnosis, and disintegration of the endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria in the epithelial cells in the water-system, the respiratory tree and the alimentary canal.

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