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Volume 27 Issue 5
October 2012

    Muhammad Abubakar, Muhammad Javed Arshed, Qurban Ali and Manzoor Hussain. Spatial Trend of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Serotypes in Cattle and Buffaloes, Pakistan[J]. Virologica Sinica, 2012, 27(5): 320-323. doi: 10.1007/s12250-012-3271-8
    Citation: Muhammad Abubakar, Muhammad Javed Arshed, Qurban Ali, Manzoor Hussain. Spatial Trend of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Serotypes in Cattle and Buffaloes, Pakistan .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2012, 27(5) : 320-323.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12250-012-3271-8
    shu

    Spatial Trend of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Serotypes in Cattle and Buffaloes, Pakistan

    cstr: 32224.14.s12250-012-3271-8

    • National Veterinary Laboratory, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

    • 通讯作者： Muhammad Abubakar, hayee42@yahoo.com; 
    • 收稿日期： 2012-07-12
      录用日期： 2012-09-06

    • The present study describes the frequency of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus serotypes (O, A and Asia-1) in major regions (all provinces) of Pakistan using Indirect Sandwich ELISA. Also, spatial distribution of various FMD serotypes and their comparison is discussed. A total of 590 samples (Epithelial tissue) have been analyzed during a period of five years (2005–2009). Out of 590 samples, 180 were found positive, giving an overall confirmation of FMDV about 33.2 %. Of the prevalent serotypes, FMDV ‘O’ serotype caused most outbreaks (20.7 %), followed by serotype A (6.6 %) and serotype Asia-1 (4.6 %) while there was no positive case of type ‘C’. The study clearly showed that the disease was more frequent in the agro-climatic zones than in hilly areas. Based on the data of 590 samples (>50 outbreaks), the overall prevalence of FMDV in cattle and buffaloes in Pakistan was 33.2 %, while in cattle alone, it was 37.1 %, higher than in buffalo (28.7 %). There were eight cases of mixed serotypes infection, indicating the presence of endemic state of disease. Another significant feature was the change over time. In phase-I (2005–2007), there was an overall prevalence of 29.4 %, while the occurrence of the serotype O, A and Asia-1 was 20.4 %, 2.9 % and 4.7 %, respectively. During phase-II (2008–2009), the overall prevalence was 59.21 %, while those of serotype O, A and Asia-1 were 22.4 %, 31.6 % and 4.0 %, respectively. This clearly indicated a shift from serotype O to A, which may help to explain the occurrence of more severe outbreaks, despite vaccination.

    Spatial Trend of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Serotypes in Cattle and Buffaloes, Pakistan

    • National Veterinary Laboratory, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

    • Corresponding author: Muhammad Abubakar, hayee42@yahoo.com
    • Received Date: 12 July 2012
      Accepted Date: 06 September 2012

      Fund Project: Foundation item: Food & Agriculture Organization FMD Project "Progressive Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Pakistan GCP/PAK/123/USA

    • The present study describes the frequency of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus serotypes (O, A and Asia-1) in major regions (all provinces) of Pakistan using Indirect Sandwich ELISA. Also, spatial distribution of various FMD serotypes and their comparison is discussed. A total of 590 samples (Epithelial tissue) have been analyzed during a period of five years (2005–2009). Out of 590 samples, 180 were found positive, giving an overall confirmation of FMDV about 33.2 %. Of the prevalent serotypes, FMDV ‘O’ serotype caused most outbreaks (20.7 %), followed by serotype A (6.6 %) and serotype Asia-1 (4.6 %) while there was no positive case of type ‘C’. The study clearly showed that the disease was more frequent in the agro-climatic zones than in hilly areas. Based on the data of 590 samples (>50 outbreaks), the overall prevalence of FMDV in cattle and buffaloes in Pakistan was 33.2 %, while in cattle alone, it was 37.1 %, higher than in buffalo (28.7 %). There were eight cases of mixed serotypes infection, indicating the presence of endemic state of disease. Another significant feature was the change over time. In phase-I (2005–2007), there was an overall prevalence of 29.4 %, while the occurrence of the serotype O, A and Asia-1 was 20.4 %, 2.9 % and 4.7 %, respectively. During phase-II (2008–2009), the overall prevalence was 59.21 %, while those of serotype O, A and Asia-1 were 22.4 %, 31.6 % and 4.0 %, respectively. This clearly indicated a shift from serotype O to A, which may help to explain the occurrence of more severe outbreaks, despite vaccination.
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      1. Bhattacharya S, Banerjee R, Ghosh R, et al. 2005. Studies of the outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in West Bengal, India, between 1985 and 2002. Rev Sci Tech, 24(3), 945-952.
          doi: 10.20506/rst.issue.24.3.30

      2. Ferris N P, and Dawson M. 1988. Routine application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in comparison with complement fixation for the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth and swine vesicular diseases. Vet Microbiol, 16(3): 201-209.
          doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(88)90024-7

      3. Hamblin C, Barnett I T, Hedger R S, et al. 1986. A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. I. Development and method of ELISA. J Immunol Methods, 93(1), 115-121.
          doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90441-2

      4. Jamal S M, Ahmed S, Hussain M, et al. 2010. Status of foot-and-mouth disease in Pakistan. Arch Virol, 155(9): 1487-1491.
          doi: 10.1007/s00705-010-0732-y

      5. Kesy A. 2002. Global situation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)-a short review. Polish J Vet Sci, 5(4), 283-287.

      6. Klein J, Hussain M, Ahmad M, et al. 2008. Epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in Landhi Dairy Colony, Pakistan, the world largest Buffalo colony, Virol J, 29(5): 53.

      7. Knowles N J, Samuel A R, Davies P R, et al. 2005. Pandemic strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O. Emerg Infec Dis, 11(12): 1887-1893.
          doi: 10.3201/eid1112.050908

      8. Office International des Epizooties, 2000. Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines. 4th Ed. Paris, 77-91.

      9. Perez A M, Thurmond M C, Carpenter T E, et al. 2006. Spatial distribution of foot-and-mouth disease in Pakistan estimated using imperfect data, Prev Vet Med, 76: 280-289.
          doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.05.013

      10. Radostits O M, Gay C C, Blood D C, et al. 2000. Veterinary Medicine. 9th ed. London: W B Saunders Company Ltd. , pp563-565.

      11. Rashtibaf M, Sharifi K, Zibaee S, et al. 2012. A Survey on the Frequency of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Carriers in Cattle in North-East of Iran by RT-PCR: Implications for Revising Disease Control Strategy. Transbound Emerg Dis, doi: 10.1111/j. 1865-1682.2011.01299.x.

      12. Roeder P L, Le Blanc Smith P M, et al. 1987. Detection and typing of foot-and-mouth disease virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): a sensitive, rapid and reliable technique for primary diagnosis. Res Vet Sci, 43: 225-232.

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      Spatial Trend of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Serotypes in Cattle and Buffaloes, Pakistan

        Corresponding author: Muhammad Abubakar, hayee42@yahoo.com
      • National Veterinary Laboratory, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
      • Received Date: 12 July 2012
      • Accepted Date: 06 September 2012
      Fund Project:  Foundation item: Food & Agriculture Organization FMD Project "Progressive Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Pakistan GCP/PAK/123/USA

      Abstract: The present study describes the frequency of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus serotypes (O, A and Asia-1) in major regions (all provinces) of Pakistan using Indirect Sandwich ELISA. Also, spatial distribution of various FMD serotypes and their comparison is discussed. A total of 590 samples (Epithelial tissue) have been analyzed during a period of five years (2005–2009). Out of 590 samples, 180 were found positive, giving an overall confirmation of FMDV about 33.2 %. Of the prevalent serotypes, FMDV ‘O’ serotype caused most outbreaks (20.7 %), followed by serotype A (6.6 %) and serotype Asia-1 (4.6 %) while there was no positive case of type ‘C’. The study clearly showed that the disease was more frequent in the agro-climatic zones than in hilly areas. Based on the data of 590 samples (>50 outbreaks), the overall prevalence of FMDV in cattle and buffaloes in Pakistan was 33.2 %, while in cattle alone, it was 37.1 %, higher than in buffalo (28.7 %). There were eight cases of mixed serotypes infection, indicating the presence of endemic state of disease. Another significant feature was the change over time. In phase-I (2005–2007), there was an overall prevalence of 29.4 %, while the occurrence of the serotype O, A and Asia-1 was 20.4 %, 2.9 % and 4.7 %, respectively. During phase-II (2008–2009), the overall prevalence was 59.21 %, while those of serotype O, A and Asia-1 were 22.4 %, 31.6 % and 4.0 %, respectively. This clearly indicated a shift from serotype O to A, which may help to explain the occurrence of more severe outbreaks, despite vaccination.

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