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Volume 25 Issue 2
April 2010
    Citation: DING Qiong, ZHAO Lei, Hong GUO, Alan C. ZHENG. The Nucleocytoplasmic Transport of Viral Proteins* .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2010, 25(2) : 79-85.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12250-010-3099-z
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    The Nucleocytoplasmic Transport of Viral Proteins*

    cstr: 32224.14.s12250-010-3099-z

    • State Key Laboratory, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China

    • Corresponding author: Alan C. ZHENG, zhengcf@wh.iov.cn
    • † These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • Received Date: 04 September 2009
      Accepted Date: 28 December 2009
      Available online: 01 April 2010

      Fund Project: The Startup Fund of the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Science 20071010-141Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Virology of China 2007003Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation of Innovation Groups Project 2008CDA013Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Virology of China 2009007National Natural Science Foundation of China 30870120

    • Molecules can enter the nucleus by passive diffusion or active transport mechanisms, depending on their size. Small molecules up to size of 50-60 kDa or less than 10 nm in diameter can diffuse passively through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), while most proteins are transported by energy driven transport mechanisms. Active transport of viral proteins is mediated by nuclear localization signals (NLS), which were first identified in Simian Virus 40 large T antigen and had subsequently been identified in a large number of viral proteins. Usually they contain short stretches of lysine or arginine residues. These signals are recognized by the importin super-family (importin α and β) proteins that mediate the transport across the nuclear envelope through Ran-GTP. In contrast, only one class of the leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) on viral proteins is known at present. Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) protein mediates nuclear export of hundreds of viral proteins through the recognition of the leucine-rich NES.
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      The Nucleocytoplasmic Transport of Viral Proteins*

        Corresponding author: Alan C. ZHENG, zhengcf@wh.iov.cn
      • State Key Laboratory, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
      • Received Date: 04 September 2009
      • Accepted Date: 28 December 2009
      Fund Project:  The Startup Fund of the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Science 20071010-141Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Virology of China 2007003Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation of Innovation Groups Project 2008CDA013Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Virology of China 2009007National Natural Science Foundation of China 30870120

      Abstract: Molecules can enter the nucleus by passive diffusion or active transport mechanisms, depending on their size. Small molecules up to size of 50-60 kDa or less than 10 nm in diameter can diffuse passively through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), while most proteins are transported by energy driven transport mechanisms. Active transport of viral proteins is mediated by nuclear localization signals (NLS), which were first identified in Simian Virus 40 large T antigen and had subsequently been identified in a large number of viral proteins. Usually they contain short stretches of lysine or arginine residues. These signals are recognized by the importin super-family (importin α and β) proteins that mediate the transport across the nuclear envelope through Ran-GTP. In contrast, only one class of the leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) on viral proteins is known at present. Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) protein mediates nuclear export of hundreds of viral proteins through the recognition of the leucine-rich NES.

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