Genomic similarity and antibody-dependent enhancement of immune serum potentially affect the protective efficacy of commercial MLV vaccines against NADC30-like PRRSV

Yang Li; Lele Xu; Dian Jiao; Zifang Zheng; Zhihao Chen; Yang Jing; Zhiwei Li; Zhiqian Ma; Yingtong Feng; Xuyang Guo; Yumiao Wang; Yuan He; Haixue Zheng; Shuqi Xiao

doi:10.1016/j.virs.2023.08.010

October 2023

Citation: Yang Li, Lele Xu, Dian Jiao, Zifang Zheng, Zhihao Chen, Yang Jing, Zhiwei Li, Zhiqian Ma, Yingtong Feng, Xuyang Guo, Yumiao Wang, Yuan He, Haixue Zheng, Shuqi Xiao. Genomic similarity and antibody-dependent enhancement of immune serum potentially affect the protective efficacy of commercial MLV vaccines against NADC30-like PRRSV .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 38(5) : 813-826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2023.08.010

Genomic similarity and antibody-dependent enhancement of immune serum potentially affect the protective efficacy of commercial MLV vaccines against NADC30-like PRRSV

Yang Li ^a ,
Lele Xu ^b ,
Dian Jiao ^b ,
Zifang Zheng ^a ,
Zhihao Chen ^b ,
Yang Jing ^b ,
Zhiwei Li ^a,b ,
Zhiqian Ma ^a ,
Yingtong Feng ^b ,
Xuyang Guo ^b ,
Yumiao Wang ^b ,
Yuan He ^b ,
Haixue Zheng ^a ,
Shuqi Xiao ^{a
,,}

a. State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China;
b. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China

Corresponding author: Shuqi Xiao, shqxiaojd@126.com
Received Date: 04 January 2023
Accepted Date: 28 August 2023
Available online: 01 September 2023

Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most significant diseases affecting the pig industry worldwide. The PRRSV mutation rate is the highest among the RNA viruses. To date, NADC30-like PRRSV and highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) are the dominant epidemic strains in China; however, commercial vaccines do not always provide sufficient cross-protection, and the reasons for insufficient protection are unclear. This study isolated a wild-type NADC30-like PRRSV, SX-YL1806, from Shaanxi Province. Vaccination challenge experiments in piglets showed that commercial modified live virus (MLV) vaccines provided good protection against HP-PRRSV. However, it could not provide sufficient protection against the novel strain SX-YL1806. To explore the reasons for this phenomenon, we compared the genomic homology between the MLV strain and HP-PRRSV or NADC30-like PRRSV and found that the MLV strain had a lower genome similarity with NADC30-like PRRSV. Serum neutralization assay showed that MLV-immune serum slightly promoted the homologous HP-PRRSV replication and significantly promoted the heterologous NADC30-like PRRSV strain replication in vitro, suggesting that antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) might also play a role in decreasing MLV protective efficacy. These findings expand our understanding of the potential factors affecting the protective effect of PRRSV MLV vaccines against the NADC30-like strains.
- NADC30-like PRRSV
- , Modified live virus (MLV) vaccines
- , Genomic similarity
- , Antibody dependent enhancement (ADE)
- , Cross protection

Electronic Supplementary Material

10.1016j.virs.2023.08.010-EMS.docx
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