STAT5-c-Myc-axis regulates B cell metabolism in vaccinated individuals and COVID-19 recovered patients

Lu Yang; Linhua Wang; Qian Liu; Xu Zhang; Yuexin Luo; Junbiao Xue; Xinpu Yang; Maria G. Byazrova; Alexander V. Filatov; Sheng-Ce Tao; Wei Xiao; Chaohong Liu

doi:10.1016/j.virs.2025.07.003

August 2025

. doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2025.07.003

Citation: Lu Yang, Linhua Wang, Qian Liu, Xu Zhang, Yuexin Luo, Junbiao Xue, Xinpu Yang, Maria G. Byazrova, Alexander V. Filatov, Sheng-Ce Tao, Wei Xiao, Chaohong Liu. STAT5-c-Myc-axis regulates B cell metabolism in vaccinated individuals and COVID-19 recovered patients .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 40(4) : 571-578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.07.003

STAT5-c-Myc-axis regulates B cell metabolism in vaccinated individuals and COVID-19 recovered patients

杨璐 ^a,, ,
王林华 ^b ,
刘茜 ^a ,
张煦 ^c ,
Yuexin Luo ^a ,
薛军彪 ^d ,
杨忻朴 ^b ,
Maria G Byazrova ^e,f ,
Alexander V Filatov ^e,f ,
陶生策 ^d ,
肖卫 ^c,, ,
刘超红 ^a,,

a 华中科技大学同济医学院基础医学院病原生物学系, 重症人畜共患传染病诊治国家重点实验室;
b 长江大学健康科学中心;
c 长江大学附属第一医院/荆州市第一人民医院;
d 上海交通大学上海系统生物医学研究中心;
e National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115522, Russia;
f Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia

通讯作者： 杨璐, yanglu5266@126.com; 肖卫, 99xw@sina.com; 刘超红, chaohongliu80@126.com
收稿日期： 2024-11-22
录用日期： 2025-07-02

摘要

SARS-CoV-2 感染和疫苗接种都会触发免疫反应。前者导致自然获得性免疫，而后者通过人工方式诱导主动免疫。然而，疫苗接种和感染的不同免疫效应及其潜在机制需要进一步阐明。在本研究中，我们比较了接种疫苗组和康复组的外周 B 细胞分化、血清学差异和 BCR 信号分子的表达。接种疫苗组表现出 RBD 特异性 B 细胞分化降低和记忆B细胞表面CD86 信号强度降低，但 B 细胞中 BCR 信号增强。在代谢信号传导方面，接种疫苗组B细胞中 pS6 、 c-Myc 、 pmTOR 和 pSTAT5 的表达水平升高，提示 STAT5-c-Myc 轴在调节 B 细胞代谢中发挥作用。此外，蛋白质组微阵列分析显示，接种疫苗组的血清中含有更高水平的SARS-CoV-2 N-Nter 蛋白特异性的IgG 抗体和针对 SARS-CoV-2 S1 蛋白特异性的 IgA 抗体。总之，这些发现表明，与康复组相比，接种疫苗组产生了更强大的冠状病毒特异性免疫反应，BCR 信号传导和代谢活性增强。这些见解有助于优化 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗设计。
- SARS-CoV-2
- , B细胞
- , 疫苗
- , STAT5
- , c-Myc

STAT5-c-Myc-axis regulates B cell metabolism in vaccinated individuals and COVID-19 recovered patients

Lu Yang ^a,, ,
Linhua Wang ^b ,
Qian Liu ^a ,
Xu Zhang ^c ,
Yuexin Luo ^a ,
Junbiao Xue ^d ,
Xinpu Yang ^b ,
Maria G. Byazrova ^e,f ,
Alexander V. Filatov ^e,f ,
Sheng-Ce Tao ^d ,
Wei Xiao ^c,, ,
Chaohong Liu ^a,,

a. Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China;
b. Department of Immunology, Yangtze University Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China;
c. Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University/The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, 434007, China;
d. Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China;
e. National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115522, Russia;
f. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia

Corresponding author: Lu Yang, yanglu5266@126.com Wei Xiao, 99xw@sina.com Chaohong Liu, chaohongliu80@126.com
Received Date: 22 November 2024
Accepted Date: 02 July 2025

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination both trigger immune responses. The former leads to naturally acquired immunity, while the latter induces active immunity through artificial means. However, the distinct immune effects of vaccination and infection, as well as their underlying mechanisms, require further clarification. In this study, we compared the peripheral B cell differentiation, serological differences and the expression level of BCR signaling molecules between the vaccinated and recovered group. The vaccinated group exhibited reduced RBD-specific B cell differentiation and lower CD86 signal intensity on memory B cells, but enhanced BCR signaling in B cells. Regarding metabolic signaling, the vaccinated group had elevated expression levels of pS6, c-Myc, pmTOR, and pSTAT5, suggesting that the STAT5-c-Myc axis plays a role in regulating B cell metabolism. Additionally, proteome microarray analysis revealed that the serum of the vaccinated group contained higher levels of IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 N-Nter protein and IgA antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein. In summary, these findings indicate that the vaccinated group develops a more robust coronavirus-specific immune response, with enhanced BCR signaling and metabolic activity compared to the recovered group. These insights might contribute to the optimization of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine design.
- SARS-CoV-2
- , B cell
- , Vaccine
- , STAT5
- , c-Myc

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