. doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2025.07.006
Citation: Nan Cao, Yamei Li, Xiangmin Li, Ping Qian. Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of swinepox virus from pigs in China .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2025, 40(4) : 676-679.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.07.006

中国猪痘病毒的分离及系统发育分析

  • 猪痘病毒(SWPV)属于痘病毒科猪痘病毒属,其流行具有明显的季节性特征,多发生于雨季并以散发性疫情为主。该病毒感染的临床表现为病猪的皮肤上出现广泛的痘状病变。我国于2010年在江西曾报告SWPV感染病例,但并未获得毒株。2024年9月,安徽省阜阳市某养猪场发生疑似SWPV感染的疫情,场内多头仔猪出现广泛的痘状皮肤病变。经对仔猪的皮肤痂皮进行SWPV特异性基因片段 PCR 扩增及测序分析,证实确为SWPV感染。随后在2025年3月湖南省郴州市某养猪场也发现了疑似猪痘病例。基因比对分析显示,湖南毒株(SWPV/HuN/China/2025)与安徽毒株(SWPV/AH/China/2024)具有高度同源性。本研究对两地临床样本进行研究,使用ST和PK-15细胞系首次成功分离出一株SWPV 病毒株(SWPV/AH/China/2024)。后续氨基酸同源性分析表明SWPV/AH/China/2024与江西株(SWPV/JX20G/China/2010)VLTF-3氨基酸同源性为100%,系统发育树分析揭示中国、印度(印度谱系)以及美国、德国和俄罗斯(欧洲-北美谱系)的SWPV病毒株之间存在显著遗传差异。基于上述发现,作者将SWPV/JX20G/China/2010、SWPV/AH/China/2024和SWPV/HuN/China/2025等中国毒株归类为SWPV中国谱系。综上,本研究首次系统揭示了中国SWPV谱系的分子特征与流行规律,为SWPV的科学防控提供了重要理论依据。

Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of swinepox virus from pigs in China

  • Highlights
    1 This study presents the first characterization and analysis of key host genes of SWPV from the Chinese lineage.
    2 A SWPV strain (SWPV/AH/China/2024) was successfully isolated.
    3 Genetic analysis shows Chinese SWPV strains form a unique branch vs.Indian and Western strains.

  • 加载中
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    4. Kaiser, F.K., Wiedemann, A., Kuhl, B., Menke, L., Beineke, A., Baumgartner, W., Wohlsein, P., Rigbers, K., Becher, P., Peters, M., Osterhaus, A., Ludlow, M., 2021. Swinepox Virus Strains Isolated from Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Germany Display Altered Coding Capacity in the Terminal Genome Region Encoding for Species-Specific Genes. Viruses 13, 2038.

    5. Koltsov, A., Sukher, M., Kholod, S.K., Galina, 2023. Isolation and Characterization of Swinepox Virus from Outbreak in Russia. Animals 13, 1786.

    6. Kumar, A., Gupta, N., Fayaz, A., Mageswary, R., Bano, R., ChandraSekar, S., Muthuchelvan, D., Dhama, K., Pandey, A.B., Ramakrishnan, M.A., 2023. Molecular epidemiology of swinepox viruses circulating in India. Vet Q 43, 1-10.

    7. Lefkowitz, E.J., Dempsey, D.M., Hendrickson, R.C., Orton, R.J., Siddell, S.G., Smith, D.B., 2018. Virus taxonomy: the database of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Nucleic Acids Res 46, D708-D717.

    8. Medaglia, M.L., Pereira Ade, C., Freitas, T.R., Damaso, C.R., 2011. Swinepox virus outbreak, Brazil, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis 17, 1976-1978.

    9. Medaglia, M.L.G., Sa, N.M.B., Correa, I.A., Costa, L.J., Damaso, C.R., 2015. One-step duplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection of swinepox and vaccinia viruses in skin lesions of swine with poxvirus-related disease. J Virol Methods 219, 10-13.

    10. Mittal, D., Mahajan, V., Pathak, D., Filia, G., 2011. Differential diagnosis of swine pox during an outbreak. The Indian Veterinary Journal 88, 9-11.

    11. Moorkamp, L., Beineke, A., Kaim, U., Diesterbeck, U., Urstadt, S., Czerny, C.P., Ruberg, H., Grosse Beilage, E., 2008. [Swinepox--skin disease with sporadic occurrence]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 115, 162-166. (In German).

    12. Riyesh, T., Barua, S., Kumar, N., Jindal, N., Bera, B.C., Narang, G., Mahajan, N.K., Arora, D., Anand, T., Vaid, R.K., Yadav, M., Chandel, S.S., Malik, P., Tripathi, B.N., Singh, R.K., 2016. Isolation and genetic characterization of swinepox virus from pigs in India. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 46, 60-65.

    13. Schwarz, L., Brunthaler, R., Auer, A., Renzhammer, R., Friedmann, U., Buzanich-Ladinig, A., 2024. Congenital Suipoxvirus Infection in Newborn Piglets in an Austrian Piglet-Producing Farm. Microorganisms 12, 1757.

    14. Zhang, W., Jiang, X, Leng, C., Yu, G., Yang, Y., Deng, S., 2012. Diagnosis and virus isolation of swine pox in nursery pigs. Shanghai Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Communication 5, 26-27. (In Chinese).

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    Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of swinepox virus from pigs in China

      Corresponding author: Xiangmin Li, lixiangmin@mail.hzau.edu.cn
      Corresponding author: Ping Qian, qianp@mail.hzau.edu.cn
    • a. National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China;
    • b. College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China;
    • c. Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Swine Production, Wuhan, 430070, China;
    • d. Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, China;
    • e. Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, China

    Abstract: Highlights
    1 This study presents the first characterization and analysis of key host genes of SWPV from the Chinese lineage.
    2 A SWPV strain (SWPV/AH/China/2024) was successfully isolated.
    3 Genetic analysis shows Chinese SWPV strains form a unique branch vs.Indian and Western strains.

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