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Volume 41 Issue 2
April 2026

    . doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2026.03.011
    Citation: Lei Deng, Jia-Ye Liu, Ya-Xuan Peng. Structural vaccinology expedites rational design of next-generation vaccines for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 41(2) : 261-275.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2026.03.011
    shu

    结构疫苗学助力流感与呼吸道合胞病毒新一代疫苗的理性设计研发

    • a 湖南省长沙市湖南大学生物学院病原生物学与免疫学研究所, 医学病毒学湖南省重点实验室, 410082;

    • b 湖南省长沙市湖南中医药大学医学院, 410208

    • 通讯作者： 邓磊, ldeng@hnu.edu.cn; 
    • 收稿日期： 2025-12-31
      录用日期： 2026-03-25
    • 疫苗接种是人类历史上最有效且最具成本效益的公共卫生干预措施，亦是现代医学的奠基石之一，深刻重塑了全球健康格局。除了预防疾病，疫苗还是推动社会经济公平发展的催化剂。近几十年来，周期性暴发的季节性流感疫情以及偶发却极具破坏力的大流行，持续给全球公共卫生体系带来挑战。然而，传统疫苗技术不仅在保护效力上常显不足，也难以跟上下一代疫苗研发的动态需求。相关科学问题引导着前沿研究领域向提高抗原效能、实现广泛交叉保护及提升生产稳定性聚焦。基因组学的出现催生了反向疫苗学1.0，促成了如B型脑膜炎球菌（MenB）疫苗等重要突破。而今，反向疫苗学2.0通过整合人类免疫学与前沿计算机结构分析技术，重新定义了疫苗设计范式。本综述探讨了流感与呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗研发的变革性进展及具体案例研究，旨在深化对新型疫苗设计中不断演变的原理与方法的理解，并为应对新发传染性病原体提供策略参考。

    Structural vaccinology expedites rational design of next-generation vaccines for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus

    • a. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;

    • b. Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China

    • Corresponding author: Lei Deng, ldeng@hnu.edu.cn
    • Received Date: 31 December 2025
      Accepted Date: 25 March 2026
    • Vaccination stands as the single most effective and cost-efficient public health intervention in human history, serving as a cornerstone of modern medicine that profoundly transforms global health outcomes. Beyond preventing disease, it acts as a catalyst for equitable socioeconomic development. In recent decades, recurrent seasonal viral outbreaks and sporadic yet catastrophic pandemics have continued to pose challenges to global public health systems. Traditional vaccine technologies, however, not only often fall short in protection efficacy, but also fail to keep pace with the evolving demands of next-generation vaccine development. These scientific gaps have directed cutting-edge research to prioritize critical objectives in terms of enhancing antigen effectiveness, achieving stable pan-protection against diverse variant strains, and strengthening production robustness. The advent of genomics spurred the emergence of reverse vaccinology 1.0, leading to breakthroughs like the MenB vaccine. Today, the advanced reverse vaccinology 2.0 paradigm thoroughly redefines vaccine design process by organically integrating human immunology with state-of-the-art computational protein structure analysis tools. This review explores the transformative shifts in influenza and respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development, along with specific case studies, to deepen understanding of the evolving principles and methodologies in novel vaccine designs and offer strategic insights for addressing emerging infectious pathogens.
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      Structural vaccinology expedites rational design of next-generation vaccines for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus

        Corresponding author: Lei Deng, ldeng@hnu.edu.cn
      • a. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
      • b. Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
      • Received Date: 31 December 2025
      • Accepted Date: 25 March 2026

      Abstract: Vaccination stands as the single most effective and cost-efficient public health intervention in human history, serving as a cornerstone of modern medicine that profoundly transforms global health outcomes. Beyond preventing disease, it acts as a catalyst for equitable socioeconomic development. In recent decades, recurrent seasonal viral outbreaks and sporadic yet catastrophic pandemics have continued to pose challenges to global public health systems. Traditional vaccine technologies, however, not only often fall short in protection efficacy, but also fail to keep pace with the evolving demands of next-generation vaccine development. These scientific gaps have directed cutting-edge research to prioritize critical objectives in terms of enhancing antigen effectiveness, achieving stable pan-protection against diverse variant strains, and strengthening production robustness. The advent of genomics spurred the emergence of reverse vaccinology 1.0, leading to breakthroughs like the MenB vaccine. Today, the advanced reverse vaccinology 2.0 paradigm thoroughly redefines vaccine design process by organically integrating human immunology with state-of-the-art computational protein structure analysis tools. This review explores the transformative shifts in influenza and respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development, along with specific case studies, to deepen understanding of the evolving principles and methodologies in novel vaccine designs and offer strategic insights for addressing emerging infectious pathogens.

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