. doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2026.08.004
Citation: Xiantao Zhang, Yingtong Lin, Jie Liu, Dongming Wang, Jiayi Yuan, Ran Chen, Xu Zhang, Xue Zhang, Nan Zhou, Hui Zhang, Xin He. Ferritin nanoparticle-based vaccine enhances mucosal immunity by promoting antigen uptake and activation of alveolar macrophages .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2026, 41(5) : 1251-1255.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2026.08.004

铁蛋白纳米颗粒疫苗通过促进抗原摄取及肺泡巨噬细胞活化增强黏膜免疫

  • 黏膜疫苗对于预防呼吸道病毒感染至关重要,但往往受限于抗原递送效率低下和局部抗原呈递不足。本研究报告了一种基于铁蛋白纳米颗粒的疫苗,该疫苗通过靶向肺泡巨噬细胞来促进抗原摄取并激活抗原呈递相关转录程序,从而增强黏膜免疫。该疫苗将来自多种SARS-CoV-2变异株的串联连接受体结合域(RBD)与保守的T细胞表位相结合,并以多价形式展示在铁蛋白纳米颗粒支架上。鼻内免疫接种诱导了强劲的全身性和黏膜抗体反应,包括血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液中高水平的RBD特异性IgG和IgA,以及对多种变异株的广谱中和作用。疫苗接种还促进了肺驻留浆细胞以及组织驻留记忆B细胞和T细胞的形成,表明其具有持久的黏膜免疫记忆。抗原示踪实验确定肺泡巨噬细胞是肺部主导且持续的抗原捕获群体。转录组学分析进一步揭示了肺泡巨噬细胞中抗原呈递相关程序的增强,包括MHC-II基因的上调,以及细胞因子和抗病毒通路的激活。综上所述,这些发现表明铁蛋白纳米颗粒不仅能改善抗原递送,还能通过对肺泡巨噬细胞的功能性参与主动塑造黏膜免疫,为下一代呼吸道疫苗的合理设计提供了框架。

Ferritin nanoparticle-based vaccine enhances mucosal immunity by promoting antigen uptake and activation of alveolar macrophages

  • Highlights
    1 Ferritin nanoparticle-displayed mosaic tandem-RBD enhances respiratory mucosal immunity.
    2 Intranasal immunization induces broad neutralizing antibodies and tissue-resident immune populations.
    3 Nanoparticles promote antigen processing and presentation programs in alveolar macrophages.

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    1. Aegerter, H., Kulikauskaite, J., Crotta, S., Patel, H., Kelly, G., Hessel, E.M., Mack, M., Beinke, S., Wack, A., 2020. Influenza-induced monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages confer prolonged antibacterial protection. Nat Immunol 21, 145-157.

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    4. Eshaghi, B., Schudel, A., Sadeghi, I., Chen, Z., Lee, A.H., Kanelli, M., Tierney, F., Han, J., Ingalls, B., Francis, D.M., Li, G., von Andrian, U., Langer, R., Jaklenec, A., 2024. The role of engineered materials in mucosal vaccination strategies. Nature Reviews Materials 9, 29-45.

    5. Hussell, T., Bell, T.J., 2014. Alveolar macrophages: plasticity in a tissue-specific context. Nat Rev Immunol 14, 81-93.

    6. Kawasaki, T., Ikegawa, M., Yunoki, K., Otani, H., Ori, D., Ishii, K.J., Kuroda, E., Takamura, S., Kitabatake, M., Ito, T., Isotani, A., Kawai, T., 2022. Alveolar macrophages instruct CD8(+) T cell expansion by antigen cross-presentation in lung. Cell Rep 41, 111828.

    7. Kiyono, H., Ernst, P.B., 2025. Nasal vaccines for respiratory infections. Nature 641, 321-330.

    8. Ma, X., Zou, F., Yu, F., Li, R., Yuan, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Deng, J., Chen, T., Song, Z., Qiao, Y., Zhan, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Peng, Z., Li, Y., Lin, Y., Liang, L., Wang, G., Chen, Y., Chen, Q., Pan, T., He, X., Zhang, H., 2020. Nanoparticle Vaccines Based on the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and Heptad Repeat (HR) of SARS-CoV-2 Elicit Robust Protective Immune Responses. Immunity 53, 1315-1330 e1319.

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    10. Mettelman, R.C., Allen, E.K., Thomas, P.G., 2022. Mucosal immune responses to infection and vaccination in the respiratory tract. Immunity 55, 749-780.

    11. Zhang, X., Wu, S., Liu, J., Chen, R., Zhang, Y., Lin, Y., Xi, Z., Deng, J., Pu, Z., Liang, C., Feng, J., Li, R., Lin, K., Zhou, M., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Liu, B., Zhang, Y., He, X., Zhang, H., 2023. A Mosaic Nanoparticle Vaccine Elicits Potent Mucosal Immune Response with Significant Cross-Protection Activity against Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Sublineages. Adv Sci (Weinh) 10, e2301034.

    12. Zhang, X., Yuan, Y., Wu, B., Wang, X., Lin, Y., Luo, Y., Li, R., Chen, T., Deng, J., Zhang, X., Zou, F., He, X., Zhang, H., 2021. Improvement of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine by enhancing the conjugation efficiency of the immunogen to self-assembled nanoparticles. Cell Mol Immunol 18, 2042-2044.

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    Ferritin nanoparticle-based vaccine enhances mucosal immunity by promoting antigen uptake and activation of alveolar macrophages

      Corresponding author: Xue Zhang, zhangxuea@gdpu.edu.cn
      Corresponding author: Nan Zhou, zhoun55@mail.sysu.edu.cn
      Corresponding author: Hui Zhang, zhangh92@mail.sysu.edu.cn
      Corresponding author: Xin He, hexin59@mail.sysu.edu.cn
    • a. Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China;
    • b. The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital), Guangzhou 510317, China;
    • c. Center for Infection and Immunity Study, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China

    Abstract: Highlights
    1 Ferritin nanoparticle-displayed mosaic tandem-RBD enhances respiratory mucosal immunity.
    2 Intranasal immunization induces broad neutralizing antibodies and tissue-resident immune populations.
    3 Nanoparticles promote antigen processing and presentation programs in alveolar macrophages.

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