Diverse viromes in polar regions: A retrospective study of metagenomic data from Antarctic animal feces and Arctic frozen soil in 2012–2014

Jun Wang; Jian Xiao; Zheng Zhu; Siyuan Wang; Lei Zhang; Zhaojun Fan; Yali Deng; Zhihong Hu; Fang Peng; Shu Shen; Fei Deng

doi:10.1016/j.virs.2022.08.006

December 2022

. doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.08.006

Citation: Jun Wang, Jian Xiao, Zheng Zhu, Siyuan Wang, Lei Zhang, Zhaojun Fan, Yali Deng, Zhihong Hu, Fang Peng, Shu Shen, Fei Deng. Diverse viromes in polar regions: A retrospective study of metagenomic data from Antarctic animal feces and Arctic frozen soil in 2012–2014 .VIROLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 37(6) : 883-893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2022.08.006

极地地区的病毒多样性:2012-2014年南极动物粪便和北极冻土宏基因组数据的回顾性研究

王君 ^a ,
肖坚 ^a ,
朱铮 ^a ,
王思远 ^a,c ,
张磊 ^a ,
范兆军 ^a ,
邓雅丽 ^a ,
胡志红 ^a ,
彭芳 ^b,, ,
沈姝 ^a,, ,
邓菲 ^a,,

a 中国科学院武汉病毒研究所, 病毒学国家重点实验室与国家病毒资源库, 湖北, 武汉 430071, 中国;
b 武汉大学生命科学学院, 中国典型培养物保藏中心, 湖北, 武汉 430072, 中国;
c 新疆大学生命科学学院, 新疆省生物资源与基因工程重点实验室, 新疆, 乌鲁木齐 830046, 中国

通讯作者： 彭芳, fangpeng2@aliyun.com; 沈姝, shenshu@wh.iov.cn; 邓菲, df@wh.iov.cn
收稿日期： 2022-04-29
录用日期： 2022-08-17

摘要

南极和北极是最寒冷的地方，极地环境中包含多种微生物，包括病毒，它们是极地生态系统的重要组成部分。然而，极地地区动物和环境样本难以获得，导致目前对极地地区病毒的了解仍然有限。为了更好地了解极地病毒，本研究利用2012-2014年收集的南极动物粪便和北极冻土宏基因组测序数据进行了回顾性分析。研究结果显示，来自南极动物粪便的至少23个科和来自北极土壤的16个科的DNA和RNA病毒不同群落。虽然来自南极和北极的病毒群落表现出很高的多样性，但它们与来自不同生态系统和具有相似病毒蛋白的生物体的已知病毒有遗传相似性。对微小噬菌体科（Microviridae）、细小病毒科（Parvoviridae）和拉维达韦病毒科（Larvidaviridae）进行了系统发育分析，获得了两种与圆环病毒科（Circoviridae）密切相关的新型环状复制相关蛋白（rep）编码单链（CRESS） DNA病毒的全基因组序列。这些结果揭示了极地地区病毒群落的高度多样性、复杂性和新颖性，并讨论了北极土壤、北极淡水和南极土壤中南北极病毒科变异之间的遗传相似性和功能相关性。这些发现提高了我们对极地病毒的认识，并表明对南极和北极的动物和环境样本进行后续深入调查的重要性，这将揭示这些病毒在全球病毒种群中的重要作用。
- 北极土壤
- , 南极动物粪便
- , 宏基因组学
- , 病毒多样性

Diverse viromes in polar regions: A retrospective study of metagenomic data from Antarctic animal feces and Arctic frozen soil in 2012–2014

Jun Wang ^a ,
Jian Xiao ^a ,
Zheng Zhu ^a ,
Siyuan Wang ^a,c ,
Lei Zhang ^a ,
Zhaojun Fan ^a ,
Yali Deng ^a ,
Zhihong Hu ^a ,
Fang Peng ^b,, ,
Shu Shen ^a,, ,
Fei Deng ^a,,

a State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
b China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China;
c Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China

Corresponding author: Fang Peng, fangpeng2@aliyun.com Shu Shen, shenshu@wh.iov.cn Fei Deng, df@wh.iov.cn
Received Date: 29 April 2022
Accepted Date: 17 August 2022

Abstract

Antarctica and the Arctic are the coldest places, containing a high diversity of microorganisms, including viruses, which are important components of polar ecosystems. However, owing to the difficulties in obtaining access to animal and environmental samples, the current knowledge of viromes in polar regions is still limited. To better understand polar viromes, this study performed a retrospective analysis using metagenomic sequencing data of animal feces from Antarctica and frozen soil from the Arctic collected during 2012–2014. The results reveal diverse communities of DNA and RNA viruses from at least 23 families from Antarctic animal feces and 16 families from Arctic soils. Although the viral communities from Antarctica and the Arctic show a large diversity, they have genetic similarities with known viruses from different ecosystems and organisms with similar viral proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of Microviridae, Parvoviridae, and Larvidaviridae was further performed, and complete genomic sequences of two novel circular replication-associated protein (rep)-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses closely related to Circoviridae were identified. These results reveal the high diversity, complexity, and novelty of viral communities from polar regions, and suggested the genetic similarity and functional correlations of viromes between the Antarctica and Arctic. Variations in viral families in Arctic soils, Arctic freshwater, and Antarctic soils are discussed. These findings improve our understanding of polar viromes and suggest the importance of performing follow-up in-depth investigations of animal and environmental samples from Antarctica and the Arctic, which would reveal the substantial role of these viruses in the global viral community.
- Arctic soil
- , Antarctica animal feces
- , Metagenomics
- , Virus diversity

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