As a result of the nationwide vaccination of the SA14-14-2 live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine, the annual incidence of Japanese encephalitis in China dramatically decreases. While the waning of antibodies with the elapsed time post-vaccination is inevitable, systematic investigations on the seroprevalence of antibodies and the risk for JE in children are lacking. By using serum specimens collected from JE-SA14-14-2-vaccinated children in Zhaotong, Yunnan, Wang et al. found a linear association between time after the booster vaccination and waning of the seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), and they further revealed that the NAb titers of sera positively correlated with the protective efficacy in vivo in a mouse model. Their data clarify the persistence and waning of antibodies to JEV vaccination, which would help to elucidate the pathogenesis of JE. The cover shows the study workflow and the graphical abstract of the research.
We advocate for three actions to be taken by the USA and China to help boost global supply of YF vaccine and increase epidemic preparedness and response. First, both nations would work with the WHO to have their YF vaccines prequalified. Thus, their vaccines could be used outside their own borders as part of the international stockpile of YF vaccine as traditionally administrated by the WHO, UNICEF and other members of the multi-partner International Coordinating Group. Second, production of this vaccine would be sharply scaled-up by both countries. These vaccines could be made available nationally, regionally, and globally through the ICG, e.g., to help stop and prevent epidemics anywhere in the world. Third, clinical studies would be coordinated with the WHO to assess the efficacy and safety of fractional dosing using 1/5 normal dose and if needed, even a 1/10 dose.
Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV), the most relevant pathogen impacting the health and conservation of several already threatened cetacean populations worldwide (Van Bressem et al. 2014), has shown in recent years an apparently increased tendency to cross "interspecies barriers" (Jo et al. 2018a), thereby giving rise to disease and mortality outbreaks in free-ranging dolphins and whales (Mazzariol et al. 2016, 2017; Jo et al. 2018b). Additional cases of infection have been also reported in aquatic mammals with a mixed aquatic-terrestrial ecology like common seals (Phoca vitulina) (Mazzariol et al. 2013) and Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) (Padalino et al. 2019), increasing the overall concern and attention towards this Morbillivirus genus member. Within such context, the demonstrated ability of the dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) strain to utilize both dolphin and seal SLAM/CD150 as host cell receptors (Jo et al. 2018b) is biologically relevant and supports cross-species viral transmission events.
我们以前的研究成果表明,Saffold病毒(SAFV)诱导数种啮齿类动物和灵长类动物的细胞系发生凋亡(Xu Y. et al.,2014)。然而,诱导细胞凋亡的SAFV病毒蛋白还缺乏研究。在本研究中,我们把SAFV的病毒蛋白逐一转染到HEp-2和Vero细胞以检测其诱导细胞凋亡的能力,并发现2B和3C蛋白质有促进细胞凋亡的作用。进一步研究表明,2B蛋白的跨膜结构对于2B蛋白的凋亡活性和2B蛋白四聚体的形成是必要的。我们的研究为寻求SAFV在不同细胞系中诱导细胞凋亡的机制提供了线索,开辟了研究病毒蛋白(2B,3C蛋白)的新方向,并为将来探索SAFV(包括其相关无法培养的基因型)和多发性硬化症的可能联系提供研究平台。